Monday, May 25, 2020

The Effects Of Princesses In Peggy Orensteins Cinderella...

The Effects of Princesses In â€Å"Cinderella and Princess Culture,† Peggy Orenstein compares girls lives to princesses. Society is stereotyping girls as princesses negatively impacting girls well being. As a result, Orenstein claims society should stop stereotyping girls as princesses and have parents limit the girls exposure to them. Orenstein proves her claim by stating playing with princesses lowers girls self-esteem and can harm their mental and physical health. Orenstein also states the word princess is such a broad meaning, that it is very misunderstood. For example, when one hears the word princess they can think of a girl wearing a fancy dress, or all the princess products. A lot of girls are being stereotyped as being a princess,†¦show more content†¦All these points the author made, make a reader believe she is against princesses, supporting her argument. Yet, later on in the article, the author started contradicting herself drawing back the argument. The a uthor believes girls shouldn’t be referred to as a princess, but later on, she states how the word princess has no meaning. â€Å"Part of the genius of Princess is that its meaning is so broadly constructed that it actually has no meaning† (Orenstein 328). This can confuse a reader since the author feels society should stop stereotyping girls, and then we figure out there is no actual meaning. Readers can question how can a person be stereotyped as a princess if they have no meaning? What even is a princess? Contradictions can leave people in question of everything the author said. It can take away the importance of a message the author states by leaving a whole new thought in their mind. If the author did not include that section, the readers would not question her message. Thus, the author contradictions draw readers away from the actual claim. Even though Orenstein can contradict herself at times, her argument is very strong by the rhetorical questions she uses. Throughout the article, the author writes about the rise in Disney products. Orenstein writes a lot of the rise was due to Disney’s Counsel discussing the vision of a princess room. To describe the visions the author uses a series of rhetorical questions to let readers imagineShow MoreRelatedEssay on Comparative Critique905 Words   |  4 Pagesclassic fairytale of Cinderella has been reinvented multiple times to correspond with the viewpoints of feminist authors. Poniewozik claims in his article The Princess Paradox that girls choosing the fairy-tale ending is not such a bad thing (667). However Peggy Orenstein, a contributing writer for The New York Times, would completely disagree with that statement. Orenstein stresses in her article Cinderella and Princess Culture that the princess craze and girlie-girl culture is ruining youngRead MoreAnalysis Of Disn ey s What s Wrong With Cinderella 1299 Words   |  6 PagesDisney makes over $3 billion on their Disney Princess products every year and now have over 25,000 items in their princess collection (Orenstein 2). Disney has played a big role in shaping not only societal viewpoints on what young girls should like, but also what little girls believe they should enjoy as well. Gender stereotypes have been around for a long time, but now with technology advancements, such as media in western society is able to play a bigger than ever role in influencing people’s

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Resources and Capabilities - 978 Words

3.0 Resources and capabilities This paragraph begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions: Resources and capabilities Definition of resources In order to get a deeper understanding of the concept resources, a definition can shed some light on this matter. While a variety of definitions of the term resources have been suggested in the literature of resources, this paper introduces the definition first suggested by Teece et al. (1997) who determined resources as ‘firm – specific assets that are difficult if not impossible to imitate’. In comparison to Teece, Barney (1991) describes resources differently. He describes resources as it ‘includes all assets, capabilities, organizational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge†¦show more content†¦| Non – Substitutable | The resource cannot be strategically equivalent valuable resources that are neither rare nor imitable. It can take two forms: a firm can maybe substitute a similar resource that leads to implementing the same strategies. Secondly, different resources can be defined as strategic substitutes. | Definition of capabilities Numerous studies have attempted to explain the meaning of capabilities. According to Zahra et al. (2006) ‘capabilities are essentially change – oriented capabilities that help firms redeploy and reconfigure their resource base to meet evolving customer demands and competitor strategies’. Moreover, Teece et al. (1997) describes the term capability as follows: ‘capabilities emphasize the key role of strategic management in appropriately adapting, integrating, and reconfiguring internal and external organizational skills, resources, and functional competences to match the requirements of a changing environment’. Entrepreneurs can distinguish themselves through obtaining and acquiring new competences. These individual competences have to be distinctive and not easy to imitate (Teece et al., 1997). One example of these capabilities is: Knowledge. Knowledge aims on identifying, deploying and exploiting new opportunities and resources. According to Seelos amp; Mair (2005), entrepreneurs recognize the value of possible resources due to theShow MoreRelatedResources Capabilities20336 Words   |  82 PagesCSAC05 1/13/07 9:21 Page 123 5 Analyzing Resources and Capabilities Analysts have tended to deï ¬ ne assets too narrowly, identifying only those that can be measured, such as plant and equipment. Yet the intangible assets, such as a particular technology, accumulated consumer information, brand name, reputation, and corporate culture, are invaluable to the ï ¬ rm’s competitive power. In fact, these invisible assets are often the only real source of competitive edge that can be sustained over timeRead MoreResource and Capability4994 Words   |  20 PagesSummary 03 2 Resource Demands 04 2.1 Financial Resources 2.2 Human Resources 04 2.3 Physical Resources 05 2.3.1 Location 05 2.3.2 Technological Resources 05 2.3.3 Marketing 06 2.3.4 Infrastructure Resources 06 2.4 Intangible Resources 06 2.4.1 Brand 07 2.4.2 Reputation 07 2.4.3 Goodwill 07 2.4.4 Organizational Values 07 2.5 Value Chain Analysis 07 3 Resource Availability 09 Read MoreAldis Resources Capabilities1076 Words   |  5 PagesAE-2011 Resources and Capabilities 1.1 Financial Resources Capabilities During the period from 2007 to 2009 total sales went up 8.13% which is a strong performance. Most contribution is driving from domestic sales (i.e. German operations). 2007 Turnover (â‚ ¬m) Total turnover growth (%) Grocery Sales Density (euro/sqm/wk) Number of Stores Sales Area (‘000 sqm) 41,818 +3.9 2008 45,183 +8.0 2009 45,221 +0.1 121 121 116 8,515 6,645 9,065 7,153 9,430 7,499 ALDI financial resources seemRead MoreWallmart Resources and Capabilities1361 Words   |  6 PagesJuly 5, 2011 Resources and Capabilities of Wal-Mart Wal-Mart had enough financial resources to make capital investments to improve its operations and labor productivity. Most important investments were technological investments such as the UPC (Uniform Product Code) infrastructure, the computerized system within stores and the satellite network that enabled almost real-time communication among the stores, the distribution centers and vendors. These technological resources can also be classifiedRead MoreMcdonalds Resources and Capabilities Essay1061 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the particular resources and capabilities that McDonalds has been relying upon for its recent turnaround? After longstanding growth within the fast food industry, McDonalds began to experience a decline in their annual earnings in the late 90s. Prior to the decline, McDonalds was a segment leader within the fast food industry and was widely recognized for its outstanding service and quality. Once known as the benchmark company by industry insiders, McDonalds began to lose sight ofRead MoreDeveloping Resources And Capabilities Of The Company903 Words   |  4 PagesDeveloping Resources and Capabilities The company has a plan of policy which they intend to use in the quest to achieve their objectives. These objectives include customer satisfaction by ensuring timely delivery and also increasing the number of products required for sales and thus quench the increased demand for online products (Kotler et al, 2015). Strategy formulation has certain features which need to be put in place so as to ensure that the laid down action plan succeeds. These include: Read MoreEssay on Burberrys Resources and Capabilities2579 Words   |  11 PagesThe Analysis of Burberry’s Sustainable Competitive Advantage base on its Resources and Capabilities Introduction Burberry is a British luxury brand founded by Thomas Burberry in 1856, which design, sources manufactures and distributes high quality apparel and accessories for men, women and children. Burberry â€Å"has been defined by an overt Brutishness, a trio of instantly recognizable icons (the trench coat, the trademark check, and the ‘prorsum’ knight logo), and a deft creativity that ensureRead MoreKey Resources And Capabilities Of Philips1240 Words   |  5 PagesKey Resources Capabilities Philips Philips has thrived on its technological prowess, which is a result of their strong focus on research and development. Specifically, Philips maintains a product-focused strategy and their highly decentralized National Organizations allow them to adapt to different market conditions globally. Human capital has historically been a key resource for the company, as they focused on caring for their workers and coordinating business efforts in a cross-functional environmentRead MoreInternal Environment Resources and Capabilities of an Organization1034 Words   |  4 Pagesinternal environment, resources and capabilities of an organization. It highlights the two main analyses which are essential for any organization and which plays a main role in the formulation of a strategy. In addition to this, it also describes the primary and support activities of an organization. Two key factors, which are important in doing an internal analysis, are Resource Based View framework (RBV) and Porters Value Chain. These factors are also described. The Resource Based View frameworkRead MoreExxon Mobil Resources and Capabilities Essay1914 Words   |  8 PagesExxon Mobile are the company’s resources and capabilities. Resources One of the most reputable resources that Exxon Mobil has today is a strong brand name. Exxon Mobil operates all over the world and is recognized in every part of the world (Datamonitor, 2008). When people all over the world know who a company is, what they do, and where they are located, the company gains a unique competitive advantage over the rest of the industry. A good way to analyze this resource is to use the VRINE Model (Strategic

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Trace Elements Possibly Essential Elements (Manganese)

Question: Write an essay on trace elements. Answer: Introduction: Trace elements comprise of only 0.02 % of total body weight. Human body consists of 16 trace elements. Trace elements are present in the body as essential elements (Chromium, Copper, Zinc, and Selenium), possibly essential elements (manganese) and toxic elements (lead) (Mehri et al., 2013). With this less amount also, these trace elements perform all types of functions of the body like metabolic, physiologic, biological, chemical and molecular. Maintaining normal physiological functions is essential for the sports persons. These trace elements assist in maintaining normal physiologic functions of sports persons which includes muscle contraction, usual heart activity, monitoring nerve impulse transmission, oxygen transport, promoting oxidative phosphorylation, enzyme activation, immune functions, antioxidant potential, maintaining bone health, and acid-base balance of the blood (Speich et al., 2001). As most of the above mentioned activities are increased in the sports persons, it is required to maintain ideal level of the elements in the body of sports person specifically through the nutritional supplements. Reference values are not generally useful in evaluating optimal level of trace element in sports persons because level of these elements changes after the physical activity. (Nielsen , 1990). In athletes, these trace elements are lost through urine and during sweating. While evaluating, level of trace elements in the body of athletes, conclusion should not be based solely on the blood levels of trace elements because these trace elements might have redistributed to the other parts of the body to perform its respective functioning. Specifically, immediately after the completion of the exercise, there is more possibility of these trace elements to redistribute to different body parts (Kienlen, 1977; Wada, 2004). Human body requires iron, copper and zinc in milligram amount and selenium, lead, chromium and manganese in microgram quantity. Trace elements: Iron: Iron is an essential part of haemoglobin and myoglobin, which are present in red blood cells and muscle tissue respectively. Iron is essential during energy exercise for the transport and metabolism of oxygen, which is required for aerobic energy production. It has been established that supplementation of iron in athletes results in the enhancement of VO2max, which is essential for aerobic endurance activity. Iron performs this function of oxygen supply through above mentioned proteins like haemoglobin and myoglobin (Brownlie et al., 2002; Hinton et al. 2000). Iron take part in reactions of oxidation and reduction by donating and accepting the electrons, this helps in generation of metabolic energy, required for the sports persons during their endurance activities. Reasons for the deficiency of iron in the sports persons as compared other sedentary human being include hemolysis, myoglobin seepage, sweat losses, and menstrual losses in female athletes (Schumacher et al., 2002; W illiams, 2004). Iron deficiency causes anaemia which produces harm to muscular regeneration which is essential for the endurance activity. There is the more possibility of deficiency of iron as compared to the other trace elements in both male and female athlete. Iron should be avoided along with calcium and vitamin E, because these are the inhibitors of the iron. Zinc: Many enzymes in the body are essential for functions of endurance activities like muscle energy production and protein biosynthesis. Zinc is the constituent of such many enzymes in the body. Also, Zinc plays important role in enzyme and insulin formation. Zinc is required for maintaining strong immune system, synthesis of collagen and proteins. Zinc is essential for cell division and maintaining normal structure and functioning of the skeletal muscle, which is most notable requirement for athelets. All these are essential for the athletes. Zinc level in the body has effect on thyroid hormone status, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and protein utilization. All these factors affect endurance and strength performance of athlete (Volpe, 2006). Zinc denatured very quickly in the body and moreover it is present along with calcium in many supplements for athletes, there is more possibility of zinc deficiency in athletes, because calcium inhibits zinc absorption. Reduced level of zinc resu lts in the deprived growth and sexual maturation, anaemia, enlargement of organs like liver and spleen, and lethargy. Copper: Copper is the essential component of the muscular and skeletal systems. This system helps the athletes by giving support to the body and allowing movement of the body. Copper is required for collagen synthesis which helps is recovering tendon injuries in the sports persons. Copper is also helpful in preventing anaemia in athletes, as it involved in the formation red blood cells (RBCs) and improving absorption of iron. It has been reported that there is increase in the blood copper level after exercise (Chan et al., 1998). Most of the athletes are consuming vitamin C and vitamin C interferes the absorption of the copper, hence copper deficiency occurs in the athletes. Less amount of copper produces anaemia, reduced wound healing, decreased synthesis of collagen and lethargy. Synthesis of proteins is very essential for the athletes. Copper along with above mentioned iron and zinc are involved in the protein synthesis. Trace elements help in the formation of proteins by enhancing the binding ability of molecule to their respective receptors located at the cell membranes. By virtue of this, these trace elements maintain structural integrity of cell membrane and ionic nature of the cell membrane. This function of trace element control inflow and outflow of specific molecules in the cell and induces specific gene expression, which results in protein synthesis (Lukaski, 2004). Chromium: Chromium is essential for both strength and aerobic energy activity, which increase overall sports persons performance. Chromium performs its function through insulin as it acts as cofactor for the insulin. Insulin assists in branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) transport to the muscle. Chromium helps in the metabolism of sugar and fat, which produces energy for the athletes. Chromium performs this function by maintaining blood sugar level by increasing level of stored glycogen under the effect of insulin. There is less likely possibility of chromium deficiency in the athletes. In some case deficiency produces fatigue, hypoglycaemia, and arteriosclerosis risk (Mehri et al., 2013; Williams, 2005). Selenium: Selenium is toxic in large quantity, however, it performs important biological activities when consumed in less amount. Glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase are the antioxidant enzymes which acts at cellular level. Selenium is constituent of this glutathione peroxidise and thioredoxin reductase enzymes. Selenium improves oxygen metabolism and aerobic exercise by preventing peroxidation of the membrane of RBC and muscle cell structure. Deficiency of selenium has effect on red blood cells and produces heart and skeletal muscle degeneration (Mehri et al., 2013). Manganese: Manganese acts as cofactor for several enzymes in the body and it is required for the bone and connective tissue formation. In sports persons, it helps in recovering from strains and sprains, accelerate healing of sports injuries, and reduce exhaustion due to exercise. Decreased amount of manganese results in atypical development of bone and connective tissues (Mehri et al., 2013; Williams, 2005). Lead: Lead is considered as potentially toxic element hence its role in sports is negligible. As a toxic element it produces toxic effects like anaemia, hypertension, nephropathy and disruption of brain and sperm (Rabinowitz et al, 1980). Lead deficiency doesnt have significant effect on the body. Summary: In summary supplementation of the these trace elements are useful in improving endurance and strength activities is sports persons by correcting anaemia, enhancing the actions of insulin and testosterone, improving muscle strength and enhancing the oxygen uptake. Though, there should be sense of balance for maintaining optimum level of trace elements in the body, as both higher and lower levels affect performance of the athletes. Consumption of food rich in these trace elements definitely helpful in maintaining the required level of trace elements in the athletes. References: Brownlie, T., et al. (2002). Marginal iron deficiency without anemia impairs aerobic adaptation among previously untrained women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 75, pp. 734-42. Chan, S., Gerson, B., Subramaniam, S. (1998). The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine , 18(4), pp.673-85. Hinton, P., et al. (2000). Iron supplementation improves endurance after training in iron-depleted nonanemic women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88, pp. 1103-11. Kien len, J. (1977). Deficiencies in trace elements during parenteral alimentation. Ann Anesthesiol Fr, 18, pp. 1019-34. Lukaski, H.C. (2004). Vitamin and mineral status: effects on physical performance. Nutrition, 20, pp.632-44. Mehri , A., Marjan, R. F. (2013) Trace Elements in Human Nutrition: A Review International Journal of Medical Investigation, 2(3), pp. 115-128. Nielsen, F.H. (1990). New essential trace elements for the life sciences. Biological Trace Element Research, 26-27, pp. 599-611. Rabinowitz, M.B., Kopple, J.D., Wcrherill, G.W. (1980). Effect of food intake and fasting on gastrointestinal lead absorption in human. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 33, pp.1784-1788. Schumacher, Y., et al. (2002). Hematological indices and iron status in athletes of various sports and performances. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 34, pp. 869-75. Speich, M., et al. (2001). Minerals, trace elements and related biological variables in athletes and during physical activity. Clinica Chimica Acta, 312, pp. 1-11. Volpe, S. (2006). Vitamins, minerals and exercise. In: Dunford M, editor. Sports Nutrition: A Practice Manual for Professionals. Chicago (IL): American Dietetic Association, p. 61-3. Wada, O. (2004). What are trace elements? Their deficiency and excess states. Japan Medical Association, 47, pp. 351-8. Williams, M. H. (2004). Nutrition for Health, Fitness Sport (7th edition). New York: McGraw-Hill. Williams, M. H. (2005). Dietary Supplements and Sports Performance: Minerals. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2(1), pp.43-49.