MGT A7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT A7 - Essay Example Leadership and management are two distinctive functions that an organization should have. They are the Conner stones of success and growth of an organization. There should be a balance between management and leadership of an organization. Kotter article has explained that most companies in United States of America do not have equilibrium the two different functions. A number of corporations within US put more emphasis and attention on management with little attention on leadership. More successful corporations in US seek qualified personnel who posses leadership qualities and employ them to take on crucial roles that require ability to lead well. Such companies balance strong leadership with strong management propelling them to success (Kotter, 2001). Basing on the functions that this article has given to leaders and managers, a successful corporation should have more leaders as compared to managers. This article has cited an example a military setup to explain how leadership is more important than management in an organization. In this example, a peacetime army can succeed with good leadership at the highest ranks. In addition, good leadership at all levels is important to ensure success. This example explains that good leadership at the top hierarchies of an organization determines the success of that organization. All levels of a corporation need to have good leadership to ensure success. An organization should go through with variations in time many changes. Changes within an organization or external changes are unavoidable. A crucial function of leadership is coping with changes within and outside an organization. This is a key function because in the past years there has been a rapid increase in market competition between organizations. Organizations should adopt a number of changes in order to compete successfully with its competitors. Failure to cope up with market changes can lead to collapse of a company due to

Toilet Paper Essay Example for Free

Toilet Paper Essay The pages of history state that there was an era in which many other alternatives were used instead of toilet papers. Examples of such alternatives included leaves, pebbles, and water. In ancient times the tribes used to clear their excreta through the remains of a corn or corncobs. They would also sometimes use the skin of the corn. Toilet paper is made up of thin fibers of trees. The increasing demand of toilet roles is decreasing the amount of trees, which are of a great use. The manufacturers of toilet roles many times chop the trees but as it is said they do not understand the importance and just throw the remaining fiber as if it is not of any use. On average, Britons use 17.6 kilograms of toilet paper annually whereas Americans use 15.7 kilograms annually. (Waterfield, 2007) In all, Americans consume 27% of the total wood produced globally. On average, each American uses 75 cubic meters of wood annually. In North America alone, almost half of the coastal temperate rainforests have been wiped out. Almost half of the forests that were originally spread over an area of 48% of the Earths land surface have been lost. Moreover, â€Å"only one-fifth of the Earths original forests remain pristine and undisturbed.† (NRDC: Forest Facts, 2004) In the United States, 94% of the original forests have already been destroyed. Currently, 307,000 square kilometers of forests are remaining which make up around 2% of the total forest remaining worldwide. (Remaining Frontier Forest, n.d.) Toilet Paper manufacturers like Kimberly-Clark say that consumers want non-recycled toilet papers because of their softness which is not possible by using recycled material. â€Å"One million trees would be saved if every U.S. household replaced just one 250-count package of virgin fiber napkins with 100 percent recycled ones. 424,000 trees would be spared by replacing a 500-sheet roll of virgin fiber toilet paper.†Ã‚   (Llanos, 2006) (NRDC: A Shoppers Guide, 2005) Most manufacturers use pulp because it increases the softness of toilet papers. As stated above, many consumers prefer those toilet papers which are soft although the use of recycled toilet papers reduces environmental hazards like global warming by saving trees and forests. Approximately in the USA 5.8 million tons of tissues grades, toilet paper, towels, sanitary products, facial tissues, and diapers are produced yearly. And around 3.5 million tons of scrap paper was used to manufacture aforementioned products. â€Å"By recycling 1 ton of paper you save: 17 trees 6953 gallons of water, 463 gallons of oil, 587 pounds of air pollution, 3.06 cubic yards of landfill space, and 4077 Kilowatt hours of energy.† (Fun Facts, n.d.) An average roll contains 227 grams weight, which usually include the cardboard core tube and this is just over half of a pound. In paper related manufacturing account shows that around 28 percent of trees have been cut down in this respect. However, more trees are planted every annum instead of chopped down. Fortunately, on an average five trees are planted in place of one chopped down tree. (Fun Facts, n.d.) There are over five hundred paper mills are working in the United States. Global production of paper is predictable to expand forty six percent by the year 2040. In this regard, One of the most complete sources for tree-free paper is the â€Å"Oregon based Fiber Options Paper Company catalog†. The owner of the company Karen said that, plants just like â€Å"kenaf† produce four times as much fiber per annum as tress. Hence the plant shorter fiber also forms them more easily recyclable. (Fun Facts, n.d.) Recycled paper is paper that comprises fiber from waste paper. Nevertheless, there is no global agreement on the exact definition of this. According to paper user’s environmental forum checklist recycled paper should comprise as high proportion of pre consumer fiber waste as possibility proportionate. A pre consumer waste paper is a paper that has been used by the end-user for the indented purpose. Recycling paper is not only gathering wastepaper, but also using paper with recycled substances. Certainly, Toilet paper with high-recycled content is neither expensive nor difficult to acquire. â€Å"Recycled paper, either pre or post-consumer materials needs to be washed and is often deinked prior to being pulped. The pulp goes through a bleaching process to make it whiter. There are many bleaching processes; New Leaf Paper chooses a processed chlorine free process. Once the pulp is bleached, it enters a series of phases including the following: the paper forming section; the press section where water is removed by pressing the wet paper between rolls and felts; and the drying section where the moisture content is reduced to the desired level; and the calendering section where the paper is compacted and smoothed progressively as it travels down a stack of steel rolls. After completion, the paper is stored in either rolls or cut into sheets†. (Fun Facts, n.d.) A research conducted by EPA for congress in the early 1970’s disclosed the facts that by using one ton of 100 percent recycled paper we can saves 4100 Kwh of energy, which is sufficient for 1 home for six months besides this we can save 7000 gallons of water. The study further revealed that it also keeps more than sixty pounds of pollution out of the fresh air and hence saves 3.3 cubic yard of landfill space, which is increasingly significant as many domestic landfills near capacity. Moreover, representatives of paper industry companies also approximated that 1 ton of recycled paper saves nearly 17 trees. (Fun Facts, n.d.) References    Fun Facts (n.d.) http://www.toiletpaperworld.com/tpw/encyclopedia/navigation/funfacts.htm Accessed, June 5, 2007 Llanos, Miguel (2006, April 21) Ready to rethink toilet paper for Earth Day? http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12318915/ Accessed, June 5, 2007 NRDC: A Shoppers Guide to Home Tissue Products (2005, Oct 26) http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/gtissue.asp Accessed, June 5, 2007 NRDC: Forest Facts (2004, Aug 27) http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/fforestf.asp Accessed, June 5, 2007 Remaining Frontier Forest (n.d.) http://www.endgame.org/gtt-deforestation.html Accessed, June 5, 2007 Waterfield, Bruno 05/02/2007 Britons lead the way in toilet paper use http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/02/05/wrolls05.xml Accessed, June 5, 2007

The Power of Solar Energy Essay -- Natural Resources Economics Essays

The Power of Solar Energy In today’s world, the growth of energy demands is exploding. Many of the energy sources that supply society with power currently run on non-renewable resources such as oil and coal. These resources also pollute our environment. Other resources such as hydro and wind power are not as reliable as they fluctuate in availability due to environmental conditions. It is important to investigate alternative resources of energy as the current forms and output will not sustain the world at the current increase in societal demands. One viable and almost unlimited source of energy is the sun. Solar panels make use of the sun’s light hitting earth everyday and convert it to a usable form of energy and have the potential to fulfill the world’s energy needs. So, what is Solar Energy and where can one find it? Energy from the sun has great potential for future use as earth’s primary source for power. Solar Energy is radiant energy produced in the sun as a result of nuclear fusion. It is transmitted to the earth in portions of energy called photons, which interact with the earth's atmosphere and surface. The attractions of solar energy are many. In a monetary sense, solar energy costs nothing; it is free for the taking and will not run out for billions of years. It doesn’t pollute or otherwise damage the environment. It creates no dangerous waste products such as plutonium. The extremely positive side of solar energy makes it evident that it is a very good candidate to be earth’s future energy source. There are several ways in which solar energy can be converted to other forms of energy. Photosynthesis and Biomass play a large role in converting solar energy into other forms of energy. Solar ener... ... York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1977. "Howstuffworks" <http://science.howstuffworks.com/solar-cell1.htm> Knight, David C. Harnessing the Sun: The Story of Solar Energy. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1976. McKinney, Michael and Schoch, Robert. Environmental Science Systems and Solutions. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA 2003. Microsoft Bookshelf 98. CD-ROM. Redmond Wa: Microsoft, 1998. [2] Microsoft’s Encarta 98. CD- ROM. Redmond Wa: Microsoft, 1998. [1] Quinn, Neil. Photograph credit. Scientific America. Energy for Planet Earth. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1990. â€Å"Solar Energy.† Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia, Third Ed. 1999. "What are solar panels" < http://www.qrg.nwu.edu/projects/vss/docs/Power/> Interesting Links Cool Solar Energy Facts: <http://www.solarbuzz.com/Consumer/FastFacts.htm>

Describe the promotional mix used by two selected organisations Essay

The promotional mix of a business is how a business attempts to communicate with various target audiences and is a key element in the overall marketing mix. Advertising: Tesco advertise there meal deal effectively, they can advertise their product through commercials, posters, leaflets and billboards, which are all effective in getting the message of their product to their customers, but it isn’t the quantity of advertisement that makes the Meal deal effective, the quality of it instead. Tesco advertise the meal deal with a short catchphrase â€Å"Buy any of these for  £3† which is simple and straight to the point. Advertising is one of the key parts of a promotional mix and is the most effective way of Tesco promoting their product. Below is an example of Tesco advert: Here they show the products previous prices through sales compared to its current price with the image of a berry which symbolises Christmas – This makes people want to buy the item for loved ones. Personal selling: Personal selling is where Tesco manage customer relationships. At Tesco this is an effective way of marketing their meal deal, this is because it involves interpersonal contact between the buyer and the seller. The limitation of personal selling at Tesco is that it is very expensive to employ staff to sell the customers, and has not got a good effect on the Meal Deal particularly. An example of personal selling within Tesco is the use of staff in the shop to advise customers on what they want to buy, this may be by dealing to leaflets to people in populated areas, which may have exciting deals in, this helps Tesco attract customers to market. Sales promotion: Sales promotion is how Tesco promote sales etc to the consumers so that people will buy products under sale. Tesco promote the meal deal in this way, for example they may promote a certain sale for a group of products. A good example of this is the â€Å"Buy one get one free† promotion, which is a very effective marketing strategy. Public relations: Public relations is the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organisation and its public. Activities can include organising conferences, open days etc, however this activity is not particularly used with the Meal deal at Tesco. Direct marketing: Direct marketing is used by Tesco to market their meal deal by using a wide range of consumer and business markets. A clear example of how Tesco achieve this is using e-mails and letters, which are sent to customers with the advertised product. Tesco can use direct marketing by specifically targeting the target audience of meal deal – perhaps people at work as they would be able to get a meal deal at lunch break. Sponsorships: Sponsorships are where organisations such as Tesco pay to be associated with a cause. This is evident in Tesco with the Marie Curie Campaign, in which 5% of profit would go to the fight for cancer campaign, which helps Tesco with marketing because people will want to become involved, which means more people will be buying from Tesco. Promotional mix for National Health Service Advertisement: The NHS advertise there service of health effectively, they can advertise their service through commercials, posters, leaflets and billboards. Advertising at the NHS varies to Tesco, as they do not advertise in terms of persuasion to gain profits, they instead advertise to make the public aware of illnesses, diseases etc so that people can respond effectively to this. The below image is an example of NHS’s advertisement Personal selling is where Tesco manage customer relationships. At the NHS personal selling is not really used as the NHS is a service and does not sell products. Public relations: Public relations at the NHS Sponsorships is a very important promotional mix at the NHS, this is important to them because they have links to many charities. One sponsor in particular that the NHS have is the Academic health Science network of North East Cumbria. This makes people appreciate the organisation, as the NHS will have special days where they collect donations for the research organisation. Direct marketing: Direct marketing is not applicable to the NHS because the NHS is a charity funded organisation, which does not run on profit. Therefore they do not use direct marketing in their promotional mix. Sales promotion: As well as Direct marketing, Sales promotion also does not apply to NHS as the NHS do not sell products, instead they offer services. They would intend  to promote their organisation for people to use, however the NHS do not promote to get a profit.

P1 M1 D1

| Type of |Example |Description |Purpose | |information | | | | |Verbal |Telephone, Face to face |Telephones are used to conduct live conversations with another |Telephones are used in Lambeth Academy for teachers to | | |meetings |individual. |contact each other and to call parents when necessary. | | |Face to face meetings are where two individuals have a |Face to face can be used to give students feedback for | | | |conversation where they can both see each other face to face. |their work. | |Written |Letters, Reports |A Letter is a written form of communication which is read by an |Lambeth Academy use letters in order to inform parents | | | |individual which is presented on paper. |of any information that is vital for them to see. | | |A report is a written form of communication that is which is |Reports are used by Lambeth Academy to inform parents | | | |made with the intention of based on recent events. |about their child’s current progress in school. | |On-screen |TV Commercials, Plasma screens |A TV Commercial is a way of portraying a message to potential |Lambeth Academy don’t use TV commercials as they aren’t| | |for digital display |customers in order to gain awareness. a large organisation that needs to attain awareness | | | |In a firm, plasma screens can be very useful as they can portray|from the public. This form of communication isn’t | | | |messages for employees as they walk passed. This enables to keep|necessary as Lambeth Academy doesn’t need to compete | | | |up to date on current notices. |with a rival. | | | |Plasma screens are useful to Lambeth academy as they | | | | |use them in order to deliver important messages and | | | | |achievements for students. This can motive them to work| | | | |harder. |Multimedia |Web Conferencing, Internet |Web conferencing is used to conduct live meetings through the |Web conferencing isn’t a means of communicating | | | |internet. This is a very useful way of communicating with |information in Lambeth Academy as we don’t have the | | | |someone if they’re not in the same region as you. Web |technology in order to do so. | | |conferencing involves using sound vision through a webcam and |The internet can be very useful in a class room. For | | | |microphones. |example in Lambeth Academy, teachers may use the | | | |The Internet is a worldwide system of computer networks that can|internet to present information to students in the form| | | |be used to attain information. |of text from a website or a video off YouTube. | | | | | |Web-based |Email, Instant messaging |Emails are electronic mail. They’re sent through the internet to|Lambeth Academy use emails to contact other colleagues. | | | |reach other respondents. Emails can be sent to a large amount of|This is done in order to keep teachers up to date on | | | |people at one time.This makes it easier on the sender if the |current issues that are formulating around the school. | | | |individual needs to send the same information to a number of |Lambeth Academy doesn’t have any need to use instant | | | |people. |messaging as it may distract employees and students | | | |Instant messaging is a web based form of communication that is |from doing their work. | | |used to share information instantly through the web. People are | | | | |able to communicate via the through the internet if two | | | | |recipients have the same software as each other such as MSN or | | | | |Facebook. | P1 M1 Verbal Communication: In terms of giving students feedback from within a classroom, face to face communication is the most efficient way of doing so. There are a number of reasons for this. If a student and teacher were to have a face to face discussion, the student would be able to grasp more information compared to if the teacher was to write down all of the information instead. Face to face enables the student to ask questions if he or she is confused about anything work related.Whereas if the information was written down it may lead to confusion of the student which will then lead to incorrect answers. From the reasons that I’ve stated, face to face communication is a more reliable and relevant way of communicating Other than in the classroom, face to face communication is used throughout various scenarios. In parent evenings verbal communication enables the teacher and students to have an in depth discussion about the students’ progress so far in school. Any queries or concerns can be brought up by using verbal ommunication. Whereas if the conversion was delivered through a telephone, the parent wouldn’t be able to understand and see the teachers hand gestures or facial expressions. These factors contribute to the overall outcome of the conversation. Written Communication: When sending confidential data to students, a letter is the most effective way. Due to the contents of certain documents, only specific people are necessary to view them. If the documents are sent by mail it can reach specific people without anyone else seeing them.Whilst on the other hand if the school were to fax the information to the student’s home, it enables anyone that picks up the paper from the fax machine to be able to see it. Another addition to written communication is the fact that hand held documents enables the user to constantly look over it as much time as needed as it’s recorded and can be referenced at any time. This is one of the key features of written communication. If the information was verbally communicated to the individual, it could lead to some information to being misheard or forgotten and could have been vital to the discussion.On screen communication: On screen communication has many advantages. Through using plasma screens throughout Lambeth Academy, it enables large audiences to view the information at once. Plasma screens are placed on the ground, 1st and 2nd floor of the school. Due to the variety of students and teachers that continuously walk passed them, it reaches a large number of people. When we compare plasma screens to emails, in this situation plasma screens may be a more liable source of communication. The reason for this is because the information displayed on the plasma screens are more general and implies to most of the people in the school.If the information was sent through email, people may discard it as junk causing them to ignore it overall. Multimedia communication: This type of communication is used to convey information through using sound and video. In a classroom multimedia communication is a good way of engaging the class. By using YouTube in an educational manner, it’s possible to gain the attention of all students. Whilst written communication is a good way of conveying information, students may get bored causing them to get side tracked which will lead to a loss in attention. This will cause the aims and objecti ves to be lost.Web Based communication: This type of communication is used in order to communicate messages over the web. This can be done in the form of emails. Lambeth Academy use emails in order to communicate with other teachers and colleagues around the school. Through using emails an individual can send a mass amount of information to a wide range of people in an instant. D1 In this assignment I’ll be talking about Coke and the strategic decisions that they’ve made in order to retain and attract new customers. In 1982 Coke decided to break into a new market by introducing a lighter version of the original Coke.The name of this product was Diet Coke and would be aimed at people that were health conscious, but at the same time, still enjoyed the taste of Coca Cola. This was done to explore and fill a gap in the market which increased both market share and revenue. During the years that Diet Coke was in production, the company realised that Diet Coke was only attrac ting female customers. This was a huge error in Diet Coke, so the company made the decision of creating a new product that attained the needs of male health conscious customers.Coke Zero was produced in order to fill this gap. Therefore with all the above information in mind, this issue encouraged Coke to come up with some strategic planning, hence them entering a new market with a product that is aimed specifically at men that were interested in sport or who lead healthy lifestyles. Coke managed to attain data by acquiring comprehensive market research. Before Coke Zero was put on the production line, data needed to be gathered. During their market research, Coke decided to ask males whether they buy Diet Coke, the answer to this question was no.There are various reasons why this could have occurred. First of all, the name. The name ‘Diet Coke’ doesn’t appeal to men as it gives off a feminine impression. Also the way that the product is packaged and advertised. Diet Coke uses various techniques to target women. One way in which they do this is through using young male models (usually half naked) cleaning windows or doing some kind of masculine activity, such as maintenance. This attracts the attention of female customers and draws them in to buy the product.In order to make this product a success, Coke had to maintain data on whether or not they was any demand for Coke Zero on the market as there was already a similar product which was produced by their main competitor, Pepsi (Max). Thorough research was done on Pepsi Max in terms of their sales and their male attraction. This was done due to the two products aiming a similar product towards the same audience. After all the research had been done towards the needs of Coke Zero, a meeting would be needed between the people at the top of the hierarchy of Coke.Looking at all the data that had been gathered by Coke’s research team, it was decided that there was enough room in the market for Coke’s new product to be released. After the idea of Coke Zero had been established, it then had to be run through the finance department in order to assess whether or not it would be efficient to release this product during this economic climate, at this time period. After the decision to release Coke Zero had been established, Coke had to think of an effective marketing technique which would draw in sales for the product.This was done through specialising their Coke Zero advertisements to appeal to men. This can be seen through their commercials, where they keep their male audience’s attention by adding explosions and adrenaline pumped sport activities. All the information that Coke gathered has been productively used in order to make Coke Zero the best it can be. This was done through using thorough research based on areas which aided the production of Coke Zero in terms of potential sales and demand. [pic]

Free Essays on American Marraige In Contrast With Muslim Weddings

Marriage is a legal agreement between two people. It’s an important religious ceremony in every culture. There are different customs to celebrate this event. The foundations of marriage are built on trust but in every culture the way they celebrate their joy is different. In the Muslim culture, marriage celebrations are quite different from American celebrations. In Muslim culture, there is a high rate of arranged marriages. Usually, parents arrange the marriages for their children. Parents play a big role in the marriage of their children. There’s also a love marriage but not most of the time. In America, the highest rate of marriages are love marriages. Every child has the liberty to marry whomever they want. In the Muslim culture, girls are supposed to marry early. The earliest marrying age for girls is 16; but she must be to married before she reaches the age of 25. In America there is no such kind of age restriction. In order to find a suitable spouse, Americans date each other before marriage. In Muslim culture you’re not allowed to date before marriage. People have to get the permission to meet in front of their elders, but they are not allowed to be physically close with each other at any point before the marriage rituals are completed. In fact in America, at the marriage ceremony the couples kiss each other, but Muslims would never do this. Also the weddings attire is very different for the bride and groom in both cultures. American brides wear white bride gowns, whereas, Muslim brides wear red or maroon dresses called â€Å"Shararra†. Muslim Grooms wear an outfit called â€Å"kameez pajama† while American grooms wear a tuxedo or a three-piece suit. In the marriage ceremony of Muslims, the parents of the bride and the groom have to give gifts to each and every guest who attends the marriage ceremony. In America, people give g... Free Essays on American Marraige In Contrast With Muslim Weddings Free Essays on American Marraige In Contrast With Muslim Weddings Marriage is a legal agreement between two people. It’s an important religious ceremony in every culture. There are different customs to celebrate this event. The foundations of marriage are built on trust but in every culture the way they celebrate their joy is different. In the Muslim culture, marriage celebrations are quite different from American celebrations. In Muslim culture, there is a high rate of arranged marriages. Usually, parents arrange the marriages for their children. Parents play a big role in the marriage of their children. There’s also a love marriage but not most of the time. In America, the highest rate of marriages are love marriages. Every child has the liberty to marry whomever they want. In the Muslim culture, girls are supposed to marry early. The earliest marrying age for girls is 16; but she must be to married before she reaches the age of 25. In America there is no such kind of age restriction. In order to find a suitable spouse, Americans date each other before marriage. In Muslim culture you’re not allowed to date before marriage. People have to get the permission to meet in front of their elders, but they are not allowed to be physically close with each other at any point before the marriage rituals are completed. In fact in America, at the marriage ceremony the couples kiss each other, but Muslims would never do this. Also the weddings attire is very different for the bride and groom in both cultures. American brides wear white bride gowns, whereas, Muslim brides wear red or maroon dresses called â€Å"Shararra†. Muslim Grooms wear an outfit called â€Å"kameez pajama† while American grooms wear a tuxedo or a three-piece suit. In the marriage ceremony of Muslims, the parents of the bride and the groom have to give gifts to each and every guest who attends the marriage ceremony. In America, people give g...

What Is a Salutatorian High School’s Second-Highest Honor

What Is a Salutatorian High School’s Second-Highest Honor SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Academics and athletics have a lot in common: they require tons of practice, dedication, and diligence to succeed. Athletes often get trophies, medals, and letterman jackets to reward them for their accomplishments on the field and in the gym. But earning great grades can be just as tough as winning a state football tournament! That’s why many schools choose to honor their top two graduates by awarding them the titles of valedictorian and salutatorian. We’ve already covered what a valedictorian is in another post, so in this article, we’ll answer all of your questions about salutatorians, including: What is a salutatorian? Does being a salutatorian help you get into college? What is a salutatorian speech? How do you become a salutatorian? Are you ready to learn more about what it means to be the salutatorian of your graduating class? Then let’s get started! What Is a Salutatorian? The meaning of the term â€Å"salutatorian† dates back to 1841 and means â€Å"of the nature of a salutation.† More specifically, the term originally referred to â€Å"the welcoming address given at a college commencement,† which was delivered in Latin! Things have obviously changed a bit since then. (Thankfully!) First, salutatorians are now more commonly seen in high schools instead of colleges. But what is a salutatorian, exactly? The honor of salutatorian is given to the student who ranks second-highest in the school behind the valedictorian, who graduates at the very top of the class. Like valedictorians, salutatorians are most often awarded the honor based on their cumulative GPA. In general, the student with the highest cumulative GPA in a graduating class becomes the valedictorian. That means that the student with the second-highest cumulative GPA becomes the salutatorian! Second, the title of salutatorian recognizes student’s exemplary academic work, and as a result, they are asked to give a speech to open the graduation ceremony. While the salutatorian definitely gives a speech, it is not in Latin. (Now you can breathe a sigh of relief!) As the name implies, salutatorians deliver a â€Å"salutatory,† or welcoming, speech that welcomes everyone to the ceremony, recognizes important guests, and delivers a hopeful, welcoming message on behalf of their fellow classmates. Photo by Matthew T. Rader Does Being a Salutatorian Help You Get Into College? f you’re thinking about trying to become your school’s salutatorian, that means you’re already an academically competitive person that’s looking to get into a top university. We know it might be tempting to try to become the valedictorian or salutatorian of your class in order to help you get into the college of your dreams. Unfortunately, becoming salutatorian doesn’t really make a difference in terms of college admissions. Honestly, the reason is mostly a logistical one: the distinction of salutatorian is conferred toward the end of your senior year, long after you’ve already submitted your college applications! Additionally, even if you were awarded the title on time, it can be hard for universities to understand what the honor of salutatorian means in terms of your school. Because the title can be more- or less!- prestigious based on your high school graduating class size and the school’s unique salutatorian criteria (more on that later), it’s not a good benchmark for determining how you stack up to other applicants. Ultimately, your transcript and GPA- more so than your class rank- tell admissions counselors what they need to know. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t other ways becoming a salutatorian helps you in the college admissions process. First off, becoming your school’s salutatorian takes hard work. That means you’ve become self-motivated, learned how to study, been an excellent student, and embraced hard work. You’ve also figured out how to manage a busy schedule and still excel! These are all critical skills to excelling in college, too. You’ll be ready to hit the ground running from your first day, and you won’t struggle to adjust to college’s increased workload like your peers might. Secondly, salutatorians qualify for unique scholarship opportunities. Many scholarships still accept applications after you’ve already chosen your university. Graduating with top honors will help your application move to the top of the stack. Moreover, there are some scholarships that are only available to valedictorians and salutatorians! You can find a list of those unique scholarship opportunities here. Lastly, being salutatorian can help you as you look for jobs and internships. Remember, you’re going to college with a bigger goal in mind: getting a job! Internships can be just as competitive as college admissions, if not more so because the spots are much more limited. Companies often only take a handful of interns in every class even though they receive tens of thousands of applications. (Nike only accepts 40 interns a year!) So while being a salutatorian might not matter for admissions, it can have a huge impact on your opportunities long after high school. How Do You Become a Salutatorian? Like we mentioned earlier, in most cases the designation of salutatorian is determined by your cumulative GPA. To calculate your cumulative GPA, your numerical GPA in each class is added together, and the average is ranked against your fellow classmates. Additionally, schools often work from your weighted GPA. That means that AP and IB courses are assigned â€Å"extra points† to offset their difficulty (which is why many students who take college prep courses graduate with higher than a 4.0.) Traditionally, the two students with the highest weighted cumulative GPAs are awarded the distinctions of valedictorian and salutatorian (in that order). But keep in mind that each school handles salutatorian criteria differently! Some schools tackle the process like college admissions and look at a student’s GPA along with their extracurricular participation and community service hours. Other schools even allow students to cast votes for both valedictorian and salutatorian. Regardless of your school’s criteria, we think aiming for valedictorian or salutatorian is an excellent goal, so here are four tips for earning one of high school’s top academic honors. #1: Know the Criteria Since this differs from school to school, it’s super important that you know exactly how your school determines who becomes salutatorian. For example, Sheboygan Lutheran High School uses a combination of cumulative GPA, number of college prep courses, and ACT test scores to select a valedictorian and salutatorian. That’s much different than Edsel Ford High School, which only considers a student’s cumulative GPA and behavior record. #2: Take Weighted Classes AP and IB classes are important if you’re considering attending a competitive college, but they’re also critical to becoming salutatorian. Because you’re awarded â€Å"extra points† to your GPA, earning high marks in weighted classes gives you an edge over students who opt for a general curriculum. But be careful not to overextend yourself! It’s most important that you earn top marks in all of your classes, whether they’re college prep courses or not. #3: Ask for Help One of the big mistakes students make is that they don’t ask for help when they get confused. Since it’s important that you do well in all of your classes, make sure you’re talking to your teacher or tutor if there are concepts you don’t understand. An added bonus? This is a really important skill to have when you go to college! If you get comfortable asking for help now, it will make your college life that much easier. #4: Keep Your Eyes on the Prize It’s easy to let your competitive streak get out of hand when aiming for your school’s top honors. But the more time you spend worrying about other people’s grades, the less time you’re focusing on your own academic journey. So stay focused on working hard and doing your best, and let the rankings take care of themselves. Remember: even if you don’t become salutatorian, you’ll still have learned skills along the way that will make you more successful in college. Photo byBogomil Mihaylov What Is a Salutatorian Speech? So you’ve worked crazy hard and become your class’ salutatorian. Congratulations! Now it’s time for you to write a salutatorian speech. Salutatorian speeches are basically comprised of three different parts: welcoming people to the ceremony, acknowledging honored guests, and celebrating the accomplishments of your classmates. When you think about welcoming people to the ceremony, try to remember a time you felt welcome in a strange situation. What did people say to you? How did they make you feel important and like part of the group? Thinking about this might help you phrase your welcome so that the audience feels both acknowledged and included. Your second task in this section of your speech is to speak on behalf of your classmates. They don’t have a microphone and you do, so it’s important that you acknowledge the people who are attending the ceremony who’ve helped them on their journey. For example, people that fit in this category are family members, teachers, coaches, friends, and mentors! In this portion, you want to be both inclusive and brief. It might be a good idea to ask your classmates who they plan to bring with them to the ceremony. Their answers might surprise you, and they’ll help you make sure you include everyone in your opening remarks. You might also think about the people who are important to your classmates who couldn’t make it to the ceremony because of distance, illness, or death. Acknowledging them can be a lovely way of supporting your friends and classmates. The second part of your speech should acknowledge distinguished and honored guests. Make sure to talk with your principal or guidance counselor to get a list of these people. Most often, these are other participants in the ceremony, like the school’s superintendent or members of the school board. In most cases, if someone is sitting on stage, they’ll need to be welcomed individually. Talking to your school administrators about your speech is also important because you might have to follow a certain protocol. For example, your school might want you to read the person’s name and pause for a moment, which gives the person a chance to stand up and receive applause. Knowing this in advance will help you write a speech that stays within the ceremony’s time limits! The last part of your salutatorian speech gives you the chance to speak to your classmates and celebrate their achievements. This is a big day in everyone’s lives, and you get to be the person who makes them feel special. Congratulate them! Acknowledge their hard work and achievements, no matter how big or small. Additionally, might consider sharing a few lessons that you’ve learned in your own high school journey during this section. What will you take away from your years in school that will stick with you for the rest of your life? What do you hope your classmates take with them, too? But most importantly, have fun. Don’t be afraid to tell a story or share a joke that your classmates will love. Embrace the moment! This is your reward for four years of hard work, so make it count. Photo by Honey Yanibel Minaya Cruz Do All Schools Have Salutatorians? Becoming valedictorian or salutatorian has long been a way to reward academic achievement, but as society changes, so have the standards for awarding top marks. For instance, you might go to your guidance counselor’s office and be shocked to learn that your school doesn’t award the titles of valedictorian or salutatorian! More and more schools are doing away with ranked academic honors in order to help students focus on their education, not a ranking. According to Bob Farrace, the spokesman for the National Association of Secondary School Principals, administrators â€Å"worry about the college prospects of students separated by large differences in class rank despite small differences in their GPAs, and view rankings as obsolete in an era of high expectations for every student.† In other words, some educators believe that singling out the two top-performing students adversely affects the student body. But other schools have gone in the opposite direction and are now using the terms â€Å"valedictorian† and â€Å"salutatorian† to honor all high-achieving students. South Medford High School decided to name every student with a 4.0 GPA a class valedictorian. That means that there were 21 valedictorians in the Class of 2013! Other schools have followed suit in an effort to create a sense of camaraderie and collaboration around high school academics. But regardless of whether your school has salutatorians or not, one thing remains true: working hard in school will help you achieve your goals in college, in your career, and beyond. What's Next? If your high school does assign class rankings, learn about how that can affect your college application process. If you have your heart set on being valedictorian or salutatorian, check out this guide that gives you tips and strategies for raising your high school GPA. Of course, your GPA and graduation rank are just part of the picture: your test scores matter, too. Here’s a peek into what makes for a good (and a bad!) SAT score. (Don’t worry...we have an ACT score guide, too!) Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

30 Top Mnemonics for Commonly Misspelled Words

30 Top Mnemonics for Commonly Misspelled Words A mnemonic- or  mnemonic device- can help students remember important facts and principles. Psych Central notes that a mnemonic is a technique people can use to help them improve their ability to remember something, adding: It’s a memory technique to help your brain better encode and recall important information. It’s a simple shortcut that helps us associate the information we want to remember with an image, a sentence, or a word. Students learn to rely on these little memory prompts, such as  ROY G BIV (for the sequence of colors in a rainbow), HOMES (for the names of the five Great Lakes), FANBOYS (for the coordinating conjunctions in English grammar), and Every Good Boy Does Fine (for the notes on the lines of the treble clef). Mnemonics for Life Though they are certainly a great help to school students, mnemonics- pronounced ne-mon-icks- arent just for children. In an article titled Stalking the Wild Mnemos: Research Thats Easy to Remember, educational psychologist Joel R.  Levin concluded:   Sufficient research evidence now exists to suggest that even skilled learners can become more skilled through mnemonic strategy acquisition and implementation. So while you may not admit it, you may sometimes fall back on mnemonics to recall the spellings of tricky words or commonly misspelled words. 30 Top Mnemonics Research suggests that the most effective devices tend to be the ones you make up yourself (and the sillier they are, the better). But some classic mnemonics can be very helpful. Below are 30 of the most popular spelling mnemonics. This word can accommodate a  double c and a double m.I â€Å"c† that you want to acquire it.When you  ascertain  a fact, be  as certain  as you can be.Gumbo lost an e in an argument.Bees will be coming to the becoming flowers near you.Never believe a lie.Dara checked the calendar every day.The cat’s egg is gory in this category.Eileen found herself at es in the cemetery.Emma faced a dilemma.Ed is  either here or there.Its hard to embarrass really righteous and serious students.A new environment will iron me out.Goofy Greg loved to exaggerate.I met my ex in PE;  what do you expect?That liar looks familiar.Generally, a general is your best ally.Mom ate immediately.In telling the gent, he showed he was intelligent.It would irritate me if you forgot the second r  in irritable, and don’t forget the table at the end.An island is land surrounded by water.I alone felt Elis loneliness.Miss Pell never misspells.Its necessary to remember the cesspool in the middle.Have a piece of the pie.Please keep quiet about my diet. Its better to give than  to receive.Rhythm helps your two hips move.Theres a rat in separate.Its truly hot in July. More on Mnemonics There are other types of mnemonic devices, including: Visual systems (creating a visual representation of the information)The mnemonic link system (creating a story based on a list)The count system (associating numbers with a series of items)The major system (converting numbers into consonant sounds) Mnemonics work by associating easy-to-remember clues with complex or unfamiliar data. Though mnemonics often seem illogical and arbitrary, their  nonsensical wording is what can make  them memorable. Teachers should  introduce mnemonics to students when the task  requires the memorization of information rather than understanding a concept. For example, memorizing the state capitals is a task that could be accomplished through a mnemonic device. Whether youre a student trying to ace that grammar homework assignment or research paper or an out-of-school adult seeking to brush up on your language skills, a few memory aids  and language tips can prove to be very useful.

How can a manager motivate a workforce and what are the major benefits Essay - 7

How can a manager motivate a workforce and what are the major benefits of this to a company Support your answer with examples - Essay Example Other managers and HR officials believe that the work environment that comprises of treating employees with respect, and providing interesting work to them plays a great role in motivating these employees. Each and every of these explanations has some relevance and some truth in it; however, one theory cannot adequately explain how to motivate employees of an organization (Loehr and Kaye, 2011). This is because people are not purely political, economic, and psychological beings. On this basis, this paper asserts that employees of an organization need material, emotional, and social benefits as motivating factors. One of the methods of motivating employees is giving them the vision of the company. The management must also provide them with the methods of achieving this mission and vision of the company. All most all serious business organizations have an outline of their vision, and they normally require employees to satisfy and fulfill these visions (Loehr and Kaye, 2011, p. 33). Take for example the vision of Barclays bank is to become a premier banking institution in Europe, offering high quality banking services, and innovative solutions (Branham and Hirschfeld, 2010). When employees of an organization are aware of the vision of a company, they will work hard to ensure that they are able to meet the organizations vision. Creating and communicating the vision of a company is a psychological motivating factor. Another method of motivating employees is giving them what they need and want. It is important for managers of an organization to check whether employees have the necessary tools, sup port and training needed for purposes of carrying out their duties. Take for example a hospital organization that has employed doctors and nurses. The organization must provide these employees with the various tools needed for carrying out their duties,

Red Bull stratos PR Campaign Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Red Bull stratos PR Campaign - Assignment Example To ensure that consumers are aware of the various benefits of Red Bull, the company has established a user friendly website (www.redbullstratos.com). Through this website, the company does not only enhance consumer awareness, but also it indicates the extent to which technology can be used in marketing (Guiltinan et al, 1996). With a headline of world biggest jump, Red Bull website highlights the roles of Felix and the marketing team to portray Red Bull as the source of strength and wisdom. Red Bull Stratos PR Campaign is well displayed through Youtube. In this way, the brand has captured the attention of young consumers who regularly visit internet marketing sites. As a result, Red Bull became a major competitor in the soft drink industry whose leader is Coca-Cola Company. Red Bull Stratos PR Campaign took place on October 14, 2012 in US. Based on the confidence and daring nature of Felix Baumgartner, the brand gives an indication of the level at which brands can change consumer beh avior as well as improving their welfare. The major aim of this campaign was to attract new consumers and retain the trust of the existing customers. This goal was achieved through innovation an aspect that is used by most of the market leaders in the international market. Image of the Red Bull Stratos PR Campaign Publics targeted by Red Bull Stratos PR Campaign Young consumers-young people have wide range of responsibilities that require significant amount of energy. In this regard, the Red Bull campaign targeted young consumers who use internet and social sites to seek for brands that can give them energy to undertake their daily duties. Athletes-Based on the need to retain their titles in athletics, athletes require high level of energy. This makes them to be loyal and increase consumption of brands that provides adequate energy. Through the use of Felix, Red Bull targeted athletes and other participants in the sporting field (Menon, 1997). Investors-Red Bull used innovation to a ttract potential investors. This was an indication that the company can go to any extent to improve its sales an aspect that investors looks at when comparing investment portfolios. Executives-Red Bull campaign was initiated by experienced marketers and information technology experts thus targeting executives who are aimed at enhancing their energy to attain individual and corporate objectives. Success of the campaign One of the major reasons as to why Red Bull Stratos PR Campaign succeeded was the skills and wide experience of the team members. For example, the camping team comprised of experts in the fields of medicine, designing, engineering and science. In this way, each of the team members made a significant contribution towards the success of the campaign. In the same way, the campaign had a mission to advance discoveries in aerospace in order to improve the welfare on mankind (Davis and Blomstrom, 1975).Through this mission, the team was focused at succeeding in all the stage s of developing the campaign. The scientific research and innovation that is adopted by the US government was also a major factor that led to the success of the campaign. For instance, Joe Kittinger a famous US air force colonel motivated Felix during the campaign. It is worth to note that for any marketing strategy to succeed, a company must allocate adequate financial resources.

Personal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Personal - Essay Example When I reflect at the most touching sights I have had in my life, one that particularly comes to my mind is the first time I saw a cow feeding the calf her milk. In my childhood, I was very fond of pets. Whenever I happened to make it to my town, I spent hours playing with the hens and the ducks. My uncle had kept that cow and the calf in the town. I noticed that the cow fed upon the grass while the calf did not. When I asked my uncle the reason, he said it was so because the cow had teeth while the calf did not. He drew the calf’s mouth open to show me that the calf instead had a gum-plate without teeth in the mouth’s top where the cow had teeth. Then I saw the cow feeding the calf. Although I was quite touched then, but was too little and probably, uneducated also to realize what had made the cow feed the calf. The cow’s responsibility towards the calf was an outcome of the relation between the two. I had several questions in my mind; Who taught the cow to feed the calf and the calf to suck the milk from the cow’s breast? Who was careful enough to put the milk in the cow’s breast for the calf since it didn’t have teeth of its own to chew the grass? Following the cosmological arguments that every phenomenon has a cause for its occurrence, I realized that there is somebody who put milk in the cow’s breast so that the calf would not stay unfed. There is somebody who made the cow responsible enough to share her body with the calf. There is somebody who put love between the two. And there is somebody who nurtured the cow to the level that she had fully developed teeth while the calf had not. And that somebody is God. Concluding, my critical analysis of the relation between the cow and the calf and all aspects of it was fundamentally an outcome of the cosmological arguments that made part of my studies in the high school. I found answers to my questions using my critical analysis and

Aliens exist Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aliens exist - Research Paper Example Hence the survival of the fittest phenomena led to the birth of human beings who are supposed to be the perfect specie on the face of this earth. Human beings also known as Homo sapiens created civilizations which are still known to the whole world. As time passed by it was discovered that the planet in which we live is known as the earth and there is a whole galaxy outside. Gradually it also became known that other planets existed in this world. Now the question arose in the mind of human beings that if other planets could exist in the galaxy then it was also quite possible that other forms of life also existed besides the Homo sapiens. Other forms of life on planets other than Earth were given the name of aliens. However it is yet to be proved that aliens do really exist or not. On this issue there has been a large debate going on in this world and several organizations have been formed to report any unusual activity which might be performed by powers outside this world. This argum entative essay would present the arguments from both sides regarding the existence of aliens and would provide a conclusion which would judge as to if the aliens do really exist or not (Caldwell 2005; Murray 2009; Brockwell 2008). It has been reported that many unusual activities have taken place in this world which might be influenced by power residing outside this world. Many individuals have faced these unusual activities and report these activities to the relevant organizations. Some individuals put forward the claim that they have been abducted by the aliens while some put forward the claim that they had sighted a UFO near their house. However these findings have yet not provided a solid proof regarding the existence of the aliens. Brockwell on this issue provides with rather interesting information regarding the existence of aliens. According to Brockwell in 1966 a space shuttle was sent to generate electricity by the earth’s magnetic field. This

The Reality of Work cultures in the Modern Economy Essay

The Reality of Work cultures in the Modern Economy - Essay Example Sennett’s argument is based on the assertion that the flexibilities and the uncertainties of the correct working life are eroding the integrity of the sense of the sustained purpose in the employee’s life in the manner that have existed before in the society (Bradley, 2009). Indeed, the new era of the economy and work inclusive of the globalisation of the work, breaking apart of the bureaucracy and flexibility changes the work values in the most profound manner. As the networks are constantly redefining their characters and structures, the same thing is bound to happen to the employees that work in the episodic work relations and the short-term contracts (Giddens et al., 2000). In Schumpeterian terms, the entrepreneur is served as an ideal Everyman alongside the â€Å"portfolio worker† (Winter, 1984). Sennett asserts that the corroding of the character is the inevitable consequences of the uncertainties that are present in the everyday practices of the vigorous c apitalism of the 1990s. The character of the workers is mainly threatened by the new type of the labour in the modern economy-flexible work (Jessop et al., 1987). Thus, this conforms to Sennett’s assertion that flexibility in the workplace is the main characteristic of the modern working environment. Conversely, it’s true that flexibility brings advantages to the corporations and the enterprises.

Portfolio Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Portfolio Management - Essay Example This obviously shows that this theory is not entirely correct. The theory further interpreted shows that investors who thoroughly analyse the market are wasting their time. This theory was coined from the belief that, since the market was often efficient, then it was always efficient. This is however, not always true (Hagstrom, R. 2001, 158). The efficient market theory by Eugene Fama bases its argument on a number of assumptions. First is that all investors rationally seek to maximize the value of their investments. This means that the information that investors receive on their stock investments can make them react randomly either by overreacting or vice versa. This goes to say that they cannot be predicted or exploited thereof for the purpose of making a profit. Secondly, investors have easy and free access to information and can easily buy or sell stocks without breaking sweat. Third  is that, all investors in the stock market are in it to make money. This is true to some exten t. Based on these assumptions, one can conclude that all the information that people have that can affect stock prices is irrelevant since it has already affected the price (Hough, J. 2008, 26 -27). Similarly, if the stock price at any one time accurately reflects the value of the company then, stock traders cannot time their trades in a way to take advantage of inside information. Efficient market theory also shows that companies cannot manipulate their accounts to take advantage of investors by manipulating their stock prices. However, market dynamics and IT employ ordinary people who work in various companies neither of whom are consistent or efficient. Nevertheless, cases of companies manipulating their books and insider trading are evident in stock markets around the world (Studymode. 1999, 1). An academic spends time testing viable approaches to the market and comes up with conclusions that a practical player in the stock market will most likely differ with. This is because an individual practicing in the market will find completely different ways of benefitting from the market. A successful practicing trader in the market is characterized as practical, rational, able to keep their emotions in check and profit oriented (Schwager, J. 2008, 42). There a number of ways that one can benefit from an inefficient market. One is as simple as buying the under-priced stocks and short the overpriced ones. It is obviously a much more complex undertaking than it seems. Timing and information is any investor’s best asset when it comes to this. As everyone is scrambling to buy stocks and bonds from large companies, one can take this opportunity to target the smaller upgraded companies that others seem to overlook. The stock and bond prices for these companies are sure to be at a bargain since there are fewer players in this pool. One of the most overstated but true investment rules that few seem to follow is to diversify. Diversifying one’s investment por tfolio is a sure way to reduce the risk of losses all the while increasing the chances of good returns on investment. Diversifying however does not just mean investing randomly in different companies. Real application of diversification in investments refers to owning stocks or bonds spread amongst an array of sectors in the market. Diversification does not cost the investor anything and is referred to as free insurance in the

The Reality of Work cultures in the Modern Economy Essay

The Reality of Work cultures in the Modern Economy - Essay Example Sennett’s argument is based on the assertion that the flexibilities and the uncertainties of the correct working life are eroding the integrity of the sense of the sustained purpose in the employee’s life in the manner that have existed before in the society (Bradley, 2009). Indeed, the new era of the economy and work inclusive of the globalisation of the work, breaking apart of the bureaucracy and flexibility changes the work values in the most profound manner. As the networks are constantly redefining their characters and structures, the same thing is bound to happen to the employees that work in the episodic work relations and the short-term contracts (Giddens et al., 2000). In Schumpeterian terms, the entrepreneur is served as an ideal Everyman alongside the â€Å"portfolio worker† (Winter, 1984). Sennett asserts that the corroding of the character is the inevitable consequences of the uncertainties that are present in the everyday practices of the vigorous c apitalism of the 1990s. The character of the workers is mainly threatened by the new type of the labour in the modern economy-flexible work (Jessop et al., 1987). Thus, this conforms to Sennett’s assertion that flexibility in the workplace is the main characteristic of the modern working environment. Conversely, it’s true that flexibility brings advantages to the corporations and the enterprises.

Response paper to this qustionIn Candide, what are the various Essay

Response paper to this qustionIn Candide, what are the various attitudes, ideas, and behaviors that Voltaire is lampooning - Essay Example Voltaire's Candide shows the complete transformation of philosophical idelogoly of Pangloss that this is the best of all possible worlds. This may clearly fit to a person someone like Candide who is not aware of the outside world other than his baron's castle. But in reality, world is full of misery and corruption. The change in the mindset of a person depending on the situation is rightly presented throughout the process as he sees corruption and violence all over the world. It must be noticed that Voltaire has criticized the ideology of various characters and has tried to enlighten us about the real world. Candide is an exemplary work by Voltaire as he brings to light the behavior of various characters and criticizes the philosophies and ideologies of various religions like Roman Catholic Church, Islam and others. The idea of free will is questioned by an individual's control over his own destiny. Voltaire criticizes the idea of free will through Candide as a person is predestined to act irrespective of the fact whether he is doing good or evil. The main notion as stated by Pangloss that "there is no effect without a cause' and "we live in the best of all possible worlds and whatever happens is for the best' is strongly ridiculed as there is lot of violence and bloodshed resulting in loss of lives.

The China Trade Act Of 2000 Essay Example for Free

The China Trade Act Of 2000 Essay The China Trade Act of 2000 was introduced in Congress to allow free trade with China as with other favored nations. Trade with communist countries was currently allowed only on a year-to-year basis under the Trade Act of 1974, unlike the permanent basis offered other countries. Many members of the business community, and then President Clinton wanted this stipulation lifted once China joined the World Trade Organization, which was forthcoming. This required an act of Congress. Since Republicans typically favor big business, this allied President Clinton (D) with many Republicans and against many members of his own party, as well as labor unions. The president desired to push this bill through before his term in office ended. Clinton gathered support for this bill by speaking with hundreds of lawmakers, either individually, in groups or by phone. A $10 million ad compaign, the largest ever, was launched by the Chamber of Commerce and the Business Roundtable. There were many in the legislature concerned about granting permanent free trade to China due to Chinas history of human rights violations including religious persecution, denial of political rights and labor issues. The bill was closed to amendments and most Republicans supported the bill. However, it was not clear if there would be enough votes to ensure passage of the bill. Organized labor was the biggest opponent of the bill. Even Vice President Al Gore broke ranks with the president and said the bill would only move American jobs to China. Large corporations lobbied heavily in support of the bill. Governor George Bush and General Colin Powell were even asked to help convince undecided Republicans to support the Democratic presidents goals. The bill passed the House with no amendments by a surprisingly wide margin. The business community unleashed an unprecedented campaign that was hard for anyone to match, said the president of the United Auto Workers. The bill was then handed to the Senate and immediately several opponents of the bill began a filibuster. A cloture, motional requiring 60 Senators to cut  off debate, was activated and scores of amendments offered by Senators failed. The bill passed without amendment with an 85-15 vote. The process for passage of the China Trade Act of 2000 took about 1 year from start to finish. Opinion It is interesting that a Democratic president lobbied heavily for a historically Republican platform. I am also glad to see that many from both parties worked together to accomplish an important goal. The process to pass a bill is a lengthy process. Lawmakers and special interest groups felt passionate about his issue, causing some to split from their party alignment, join ranks with the opposing party, and lobby heavily to ensure passage of this bill.

George Bernard Shaw and His Short Story About the Cremation of The Narr

George Bernard Shaw and His Short Story About the Cremation of The Narrator's Mother   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a written exerpt from a letter about the cremation of his mother, George Bernard Shaw recalls her â€Å"passage† with humor and understanding. The dark humor associated with the horrid details of disposing of his mother's physical body are eventually reconciled with an understanding that her spirit lives on. He imagines how she would find humor in the bizarre event of her own cremation. The quality of humor unites Shaw and his mother in a bond that transcends the event of death and helps Shaw understand that her spirit will never die. The reader is also released from the horror of facing the mechanics of the cremation process when â€Å"Mama's† own comments lead us to understand that her personality and spirit will live on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shaw's diction is effective in conveying his mood and dramatizing the process of cremation. The traditional words of a burial service â€Å"ashes to ashes, dust to dust† are not altered for the cremation, the interior chamber â€Å"looked cool, clean, and sunny† as by a graveside, and the coffin was presented â€Å"feet first† as in a ground burial. In selecting aspects of a traditional burial service, Shaw's mood is revealed as ambivalent toward cremation by imposing recalled fragments of ground burial for contrast. Strangely fascinated, he begins to wonder exactly what happens when one is cremated. This mood of awe is dramatized a... George Bernard Shaw and His Short Story About the Cremation of The Narr George Bernard Shaw and His Short Story About the Cremation of The Narrator's Mother   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a written exerpt from a letter about the cremation of his mother, George Bernard Shaw recalls her â€Å"passage† with humor and understanding. The dark humor associated with the horrid details of disposing of his mother's physical body are eventually reconciled with an understanding that her spirit lives on. He imagines how she would find humor in the bizarre event of her own cremation. The quality of humor unites Shaw and his mother in a bond that transcends the event of death and helps Shaw understand that her spirit will never die. The reader is also released from the horror of facing the mechanics of the cremation process when â€Å"Mama's† own comments lead us to understand that her personality and spirit will live on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shaw's diction is effective in conveying his mood and dramatizing the process of cremation. The traditional words of a burial service â€Å"ashes to ashes, dust to dust† are not altered for the cremation, the interior chamber â€Å"looked cool, clean, and sunny† as by a graveside, and the coffin was presented â€Å"feet first† as in a ground burial. In selecting aspects of a traditional burial service, Shaw's mood is revealed as ambivalent toward cremation by imposing recalled fragments of ground burial for contrast. Strangely fascinated, he begins to wonder exactly what happens when one is cremated. This mood of awe is dramatized a...

Presidential Campaign Financing :: essays research papers

Running Head: Presidential Campaign Financing Abstract President Bush won reelection against Sen. John Kerry in a presidential race that shattered previous fundraising and spending records to become the most expensive in U.S. History. Both candidates benefited from the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, which went into affect just before the 2004 election cycle began and doubled the individual contribution limit from $1,000 to 2,000 dollars. Anyone trying to run for President of the United States must raise enormous amounts of money to keep there campaigns going. President Bush and Sen. John Kerry, for example, raised a total of nearly half a billion dollars in private contributions during the presidential primary season. More efforts are going to have to be made to keep the spending of non-party affiliated groups, such as the 527 groups, to a minimum. Presidential Campaign Financing and Spending: Election 2004 President George W. Bush took in a record $360 million for his 2004 re-election campaign, easily exceeding the $192 million he raised in his 2000 campaign. President bush spent $306 million of the money he raised which was also another record. John Kerry not only finished behind him in the election he also finished behind him in campaign funds, but still posted totals that far exceeded any other election period. Kerry raised more then $317 million and spent more then $240 million. Both partied during the campaign declined public matching funds, which would have not let them use all of the fund that they had raised, and would have limited there spending. Once they accept there partied nomination however they must accept the Public funding. For the 2004 election cycle the public matching funds they received were $74.6 million dollars. (Democracy 21.org, 2004;unknown author,2004)

Sociological Perspectives of Violence

The focus of this paper is an overview of different research articles on racism and structural violence against the aboriginal. Violence will be looked at from three schools of thoughts namely the structural, conflict and process theories. The views of these different approaches to violence will be critically analyzed, but no value judgments will be placed on any of their perceptions of violence. Racism According to Headley (2000), racism is â€Å"the infliction of unequal consideration, motivated by the desire to dominate, based on race alone (p. 23). Headley further explains that this definition accommodates the distinction between â€Å"true racism† which is the desire to harm or dominate others solely on the basis of race, and â€Å"ordinary racism† which he sees as universal features of human biology (p. 224). Headley further maintained that a racist is not merely someone who wishes to put down another’s    race, but also suppress and assert his/her own s uperiority through a violent act (p. 224).Naiman (2006) defines racism as hostility, aggression, and antagonism toward non-members of a particular group based on their physical characteristics, notably skin colour (p. 265). Similarly, Spencer (1998) sees racism as â€Å"the transformation of race prejudice and / or ethnocentrism through the exercise of power against a racial group defined as inferior, by individual and institution† (p. 1). To infer from the foregoing definitions, a common attribute of racism is the belief that one’s own race is superior to another.This belief is based on the erroneous assumption that physical attributes of members of a racial group determine their social behaviour as well as their psychological and intellectual characteristics (Spencer, 1998, p. 5). Historical Roots of Racism. The term racism became popularized in the late 1960’s during the civil rights movement (Headley, 2000, p. 235). Prior to this time according to Headley, t he term ethnic prejudice was used (p. 236). Naiman (2006) posits that racism is a relatively recent phenomenon, and its emergence as a systematic world-view developed concurrently with the rise of capitalist and its global expansion (p. 66) Naiman further explains    that some scholars define forms of    social intolerance prior to this capitalist era as racism, but he however argues that such social intolerance is more precisely seen as ethnocentrism (preference for one’s own cultural traditions) or ethnic chauvinism (antagonism towards a particular group) (p. 267).Racism in Canada According to Naiman (2006), some Canadians like to believe that racism is a relatively recent phenomenon linked to modern immigration patterns or compared to United States, Canada has little history of overt racism (p. 69). Naiman, however, argues that racism in Canada has a long and sordid past, which in reality as described by him â€Å" is an unsightly history swept under the threadbare ru g of its national myths† (p. 269). Naiman further maintained that the history of racism in Canada begins with the subjugation of Canada’s aboriginal people. Violence Anglin (1998), states that an uncontroversial, exhaustive and precise definition of violence is difficult to find. â€Å"Violence is understood as an incident in which an acting individual intentionally injures another† (p. 146).Anglin further explains that the action of the perpetrator can be physical, or psychological. In same vein, Steinmetz (1989) defines violent as â€Å"an act carried out with the intension of, or perceived as having the intension of physically hurting another person†. Strasburg (1978) defines violence as â€Å"illegal use or threat of force against a person†. From the foregoing, it can be infer that violent behavior means physical force exerted for the purpose of violating or abusing. There are three key terms which are likely to be present for any action to be c lassified as a violent act.The action must be intentional, force may be applied and the action must result in harm (physical, psychological and emotional). Human behaviour does not occur in isolation or in vacuum but it is influenced by the interplay of many other factors. Consequently, different schools of thoughts about violence, view any violent act as a precursor of other factors. For example, the Conflict, Structural, and Process theories. Conflict theory Conflict theory is better understood as the Marxist theory. According to the theory, â€Å"Crime is perceived as a function of competition for limited resources†.That is, a social status in which an individual is perceived evaluated and treated accordingly by legal authorities. The Marxist view is that conflict between these class-based social hierarchies, the haves (bourgeoisie), and has not (proletariat) that produces violent behavior. According to Holmes (1988), the difference between these two classes is a matter of relative power . Holmes further explains that the ruling class have sufficient power hence, they are able to label some proletariat’s behavior as criminal Structural theoryThe structural theory on the other hand, sees violence from the perception of cultural forces or neighborhood conditions. That is, our behavior is a product of our environment. The world we live in, shapes our lives. Since our environment is not static, our behavior revolves around this dynamism. The structural approach holds the view that the way certain things are structured by the society creates violent acts. For example, consider the film Elephant; the structural theory will argue that it is because of the way society is structured, that people are able to acquire weapons to perpetuate violence.Similarly, heterogeneity of society inherently creates violence. This is because according to the theory, there is bound to be such issues as cultural or religious conflicts due to these differences. Process th eory According to the proponent of this theory, crime is a function of socialization and upbringing. Delinquent behaviour is learned like every other behavior through association with significant others and reference groups, especially parents and peers. It is through observation and interaction with these significant others; we learn techniques for engaging in delinquent acts.According to Process theory, all forms of violent acts are learned through imitation and observation. For example in the movie Elephant, the Process theory argues that the two serial killers learned such violent acts through the use of violent computer games and imitation of the Nazi’s leader, Hitler. The argument advanced by these different schools of thought appears convincing, because violence in society can be explained through each of these approaches. When these schools of thought are viewed critically, there appears to be a probing question that needs to be answered.Among each of these theories w hich contributes more to violence in society? Considering the importance of each of these schools of thought, it will be difficult if not impossible to adequately explain violence from the perception of one of these approaches. This is true because each of these approaches interplay to influence one’s behaviour depending on the situation. For example, using the movie Elephant, the Process Theory will argue that the serial killers learned their dastardly act through watching    violent video games (observation) their attempt to imitate Nazi’s leader Hitler was the precursor of their actions.On the other hand, the Structural Theory will argue that it is because of the way society is structured that the serial killers were able acquired guns to perpetuate their acts. Similarly, if society is structured in such a way that getting violent computer games are almost impossible to get, perhaps the killers might not be able to procure such weaponry or learn violent behaviour. In same vein, the Conflict Approach says the power struggle between the ruling class and the working class creates imbalance family structure, which they claim resulted in poor parental upbringing.This results in violent acts because the children are not properly catered for. The Role and Effect of the mass media on Violence Research on media influence in violence has been concerned with possible negative effects of exposure to violent films. What messages, for example do children take away from their exposure to various violent movies? According to the Observational Learning Theory Bandura, et al, in their Bobo doll study cited in Holmes (1988), explains that the media encourages children to solve their problems by violent means; they further maintain that constant exposure to violence normalizes violence (p. 100).Critics of the Bobo doll experiment have pointed out that the doll was the type of toy that invited aggression, and also since the filmstrip used in the experiment lacke d a plot, it contained no justification for the violence of children. .Other scholars like Alfred Hitchcock’s as cited in Holmes (1988) argues that tracing the direct effects of the media is a very difficult task. The reason for this according to him is that when the media operates in the natural environment, their influence is only one factor among many other factors; this is because what they see and hear is most likely monitored by their parents (p. 8). Hitchcock further explains that even when children are exposed to violent movies through the media, this violent act is further reinforced if the parent’s, themselves also engages in any forms of violence. The media reflects nearly every aspect of a society; these reflections are not necessarily accurate. This is because violence is not accurately represented by the media. The news media in particular, provides an important forum in which violent acts are selectively gathered up, invested with a broader meaning, and made available to public consumption (Ksenych, 2003, p. 35).The media has the power to shape the issue and to shape the consciousness of viewers by sensationalizing and trivializing cases of abuse. A good example of this is the misleading representation of    the percentage of violence as reported by the media and the one reported by statistics Canada (Ksenych, 2003 p. 35). Structural Violence Structural Violence according to Anglin (1998) â€Å"is violence produced by structures of domination, form of expropriation of vital economic and non-material resources and operations of systems of social stratification or categorization that subvert people’s chances of survival† (p. 46). Through structural forms of violence, persons are socially and culturally marginalized in ways that deny them the opportunity for emotional and physical wellbeing.Walker (2003) sees Structural Violence as â€Å"the constraints on human potential caused by economic and political structuresâ⠂¬  (p. 1). Similarly, Fiske (2006) contrasts â€Å"Structural Violence† and â€Å"Direct Violence†. Fiske argues that structural violence is manifested in social inequalities, and almost always invisible, embedded in social structures. Direct violent on the other hand, is overt and has a perpetrator of the harmful actions (p. 47). Thus, structural violence occurs whenever people are at disadvantaged by political, economic and cultural traditions. Structural Violence on the Aboriginal People The â€Å"stolen generation† is the name generally given to the Aboriginal families adopted into non Aboriginal families as a result of government policies on assimilation (Mellor, 2006, p. 82). According to Holmes (1998) the first British and French colonist made contact with the Aborigines primarily to exploit their labour power in the fur trade (p. 270). Holmes further explains that the Aborigines were under paid in exchange of their labour.Furthermore, as the fur trade declined and agriculture expanded the colonists forcefully took over the valuable lands inhabited by the Aboriginal people. Fiske (2006) sees structural violence against the Aboriginal from the perception of cultural marginalization. Fiske explains after confederation, the Canadian government used assimilation to gain control over the Aborigines. The tool used to promote this end was the Indian act of 1876 (p. 248). This act not only controls every aspect of the lives of the native people, but it also laid out who would be bound or not bound by the act.For example, the â€Å"Status Indians† were those bound by the act, and were prohibited by the act from owning lands, from voting, and from purchasing or consuming alcohol. By same token, the groups not included in the act are â€Å"Non-Status Indian†. Fiske further explains that prior to 1985, the Aborigines women were excluded from Indian register when they married non-Indians. Similarly, these women were not only forc ed out of their community, but were also stripped of their rights to property inheritance. The children born in this marriage were also denied Indian status.By same token, Walker, (2003) explains that there was also forms of structural violence against indigenous knowledge production (p. 37). This is evidence in Eurocentric research paradigms which distort indigenous experience as expressed in the following quote    â€Å"To assume that phenomena from another world view can be adequately explained from a totally foreign world view is the essence of psychological and philosophical imperialism†. Consequently, forcing indigenous researchers to fit their approach within western paradigms ignores the premise that all research paradigms have a pecific cultural foundation. Walker further explains that this cultural bias of the dominant western society is based on the assumptions that the western methodology was universal (p. 38). From the foregoing, it can be seen that the indigen ous people of Canada were not only subjected to forms of inhuman condition, they saw the theft of their resources and       culture,    marginalization, and discrimination (Naiman, 2006, p. 272).

Evaluation Of Work In Progress †Blue Remembered Hills Essay

For the past term and a half I have been studying Blue Remembered Hills as part of my Drama Coursework and a couple of weeks ago I performed an extract from the play with three fellow students. I will be writing about my Work In Progress and how well we worked together as a group to make our performance successful. To do this I will be focusing on the rehearsal process and the final performance. The Rehearsals. The rehearsals went very well, with steady progress throughout each session. The main strengths were the whole groups ability to pick up words, stage directions and changes quickly, for example when we decided to use a domino effect for our entrance. This effect was put in close to the end of our whole rehearsal process but we never had any problems with it and no one forgot it either. We also had all our lines learnt by the fourth lesson which meant we could get on with focusing on our stage directions and character analysis. Our main weaknesses were our character analysis, for example one of our group members found it hard to perform as his character because his personality was very different to his characters and his volume was a slight issue as well. I also found it hard to perform as my character because at the beginning I would let the status slip slightly at the wrong moment and I wasn’t seen as the bully anymore, I would also have to be careful about my pitch because I was playing a boy and sometimes my voice would come off girly and high pitched. One of our main problems was that some of us had other commitments like work or clubs that made it hard to organise lunchtime or after school rehearsals this affected our rehearsal process because when we managed to organise a rehearsal it had to be a short one or someone might have forgotten or not been able to make it, so it was hard for our teacher to asses our work and give us feedback if there was someone missing. We over came our problem by working extra hard in our lesson time so we could pay off for it that way. We also tried to work outside a lot so it could help us imagine our surroundings and the sort of things a seven year old would do outside. I found my strengths were my ability to incorporate ideas into our work and give constructive criticism. I don’t feel there was a directors role because we all had ideas and were able to give each other advice on their character build up. I felt I was able to help the group improve practise by asking for line reruns and workshops to improve our overall characters. My main weakness was character analysis (as above) mainly because, as a group, we didn’t do enough character analysis and this could have helped me. I feel my contribution benefited the rehearsal process because I could keep the group focused on a task and I was a good team player. I fell I could have helped others in my group more without feeling I was going to offend them because it affects the whole group dynamics if one person is unsure and it shouldn’t have to be a hindrance. The demands of working in a group are to not mess around or waste time, because you have to put as much effort in as your group members otherwise it isn’t fair, and you are putting the whole group in jeopardy and therefore are not able to make a satisfactory performance. The Performance In our final performance the domino effect worked really well as opening the scene because it gave us all the energy we needed to open the scene as seven year old boys. The thing that didn’t work well was the dirt on the floor, the sticks were fine, it was just the debris and mud on the floor that didn’t work. We put it there to make the scene more site-specific but it was unnecessary because we didn’t need to use it as a prop and had to sweep it up afterwards as well!! Our strengths as a group was our ability to stay in character even when we weren’t speaking because this helped to keep the energy levels high and keep the performance interesting. As an individual performance my strengths were my volume and diction because I felt I carried my words out so everyone could hear me. My weaknesses were my body language and pitch because I would often slip out of my characters voice and body language. For example when I am fighting with John I would lead from my chest which isn’t manly. I felt our group created a performance that clearly expressed a theme suited to our target audience. We achieved this by developing skills which enabled us to broaden our minds and act as seven year olds. I was able to play my character because: My voice was mainly boyish and I was able to pull off bully mannerisms; My body language was like a seven year old because instead of sitting I would squat, or I would fold my arms to show stroppiness when someone does something I don’t like; My facial expressions suited the mood I was in or the situation that was happening, like when the atmosphere dropped when everyone looked at the squirrel in guilt I changed my facial expression to look uncomfortable or guilty; My gestures were large and clumsy like that of a child like when we were trying to get the squirrel out of the tree I would wave my stick or hurl stones at it; And my interactions with others on stage were that of a higher status character and sometimes very nasty because I was a bully and carried the higher status, likely after my fight with John I stuck my tongue out at him and made other nasty gestures towards him. Overall I felt that my performance and our overall work in progress was a success and we worked very well as a group to make our performance successful.

Environmental scanning Essay

â€Å"How can you govern a country which has 245 varieties of cheese? † Charles de Gaulle. This is a term that Francis Aguilar a professor at the University of Harvard came up with in the mid 1960’s to explain the actions of collecting information and watching and monitoring competitor companies and analyzing the external markets. According to Mafrica and Mason (2004), an environmental scan is part of strategic analysis process that has components of both external and internal elements. It is also good to note that all these components and elements interrelate. Basically organizations and companies use environmental scans to project on the future directions, objectives, and both long term and short term trends that will influence the organizations performance. Environmental scans are usually used in product development, market research and competition analysis as a company is planning, expanding or thinking of diversifying its operations portfolio. The below diagram shows the interrelation of the environmental scan to the SWOT analysis of an organization. b. What elements comprise an environmental scan? The elements of an environmental scan include both internal analysis and external analysis which culminate in a SWOT analysis of the organization. Both internal and external analysis are interrelated. In most of the situations organizations take environmental scans to only involve the external analysis (Albright, 2004). But for it to be comprehensive and conclusive enough it has to involve both internal and external analysis. Internal analysis includes an analysis of the internal structures of the company, its policies and operations, employees and abilities while External analysis includes concepts such as the macro economic environment of the area in which the company operates. This includes the government, legislation policies, technology, socio-cultural trends, and shareholders. c. What are eight (8) current socio – cultural trends in the United States that are transforming North America and the rest of the world today? The eight socio-cultural trends in the United states that are transforming North America and the rest of the world today include the following:- Religious affiliations and militant religious movements Consumerism, Environmentalism, Diet and nutrition Housing Social movements, roles of government, family, and collectivism. Materialism Demographics like population size, ethnic origins, education levels, income levels. d. What four (4) questions should the scan answer? The scan should be able to answer trends or projection towards changes in consumerism, which will help an organization in diversifying its products and get to know spending habits of the target market and population (Wheelen & Hunger, 2008). Environmentalism which will help the organization to formulate its public relations policy more so as regards corporate social responsibility, social movements and roles of government, family and collectivism which influences public opinion and public habits, and Demographics that help establish incomes and disposable incomes of the populations, projected population growth, education levels and backgrounds of the target area of expansion or of operation that will help an organization to redefine its operations and strategies. Bibliography Albright. K. (2004, May/June). Environmental scanning: Radar for success. Information Management Journal, 3(38), 38-44. Mafrica. L. & Mason. M. (2003, January). From scan to plan. Association Management, article 14 of 270. Wheelen. T. L. & Hunger. J. D. (2008). Strategic management and business policy (11th Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

WRITE A REPORT in which you investigate the planning and control Essay

WRITE A REPORT in which you investigate the planning and control processes, and evaluate the supply chains including MRP and JIT systems in relation to Morrison - Essay Example The main purpose of supply chain management is to enhance quality and pace of all activities throughout the supply chain, so that products and services are supplied in the right quantity, to the right location, at the right time. Actually it is the series of links and shared processes between suppliers and customers. The links and processes cover all the activities from the purchasing raw materials to the delivery of final product. The whole process of supply chain as depicted above is controlled by a chain of command to facilitate best and profitable end product. The importance of planning and control of supply chain can not be denied. It plays a vital role in effective management of mass production factory. The complications allied with manufacturing systems value chains have not been resolved yet. It is because of the fact that the value chain may consist of many suppliers located in various areas. There are certain methods used by supervisor on plant floor to coordinate the processes in supply chain. One person dominated supervision: In this method one person takes direct responsibility of whole floor and control and monitors every move on the floor. This method is not considered very effective as it has its own pitfalls. Interdependent Supervision: In this method many person are involved in supervising and monitoring process by openly communicating and advising each other on a floor of plant. This method is considered more flexible and adaptable. Systemization: In this method a sophisticated system is evolved and every worker is assigned the job individually or in-group. Although this is a good method but it is only useful in automated plants. There are various other methods used to control the day to day performance on the floor of plant. But the methods mentioned above are more common. Traditionally most manufacturing control was done using reorder-point/reorder-quantity methods