Internet Crime and Moral Responsibility - 3336 Words

Internet Crime and Moral Responsibility Internet Crime and Moral Responsibility 3 Introduction 3 What is Internet Crime? 3 Types of Crimes 3 Phishing 3 Child Pornography 4 Cyber Stalking 5 Computer Intrusion 5 Denial of Service Attacks and Cyber War 5 Identity Theft 6 Whose responsibility is it to report these crimes? 7 Reporting agencies 8 Conclusion 8 References 9 Internet Crime and Moral Responsibility Introduction The Internet is the technological genius of the computer age. Although the Internet is a phenomenal tool, providing access to the world, it has also become a Shangri-La for criminals. The Internet because of the ability to remain anonymous is the perfect playground for this type of mayhem. This†¦show more content†¦Users need to be informed that if they receive an email that appears to be from the institution or business, they need to contact the company in regards to the validity of the email. This should be reiterated to users monthly to help insure the reduction of personal information being gathered unlawfully. Child Pornography Child Pornography is the abuse of innocent children that has been put on display and oftentimes sold for a profit. It is used largely by pedophiles to help lure other children into illicit relationship situations that no child should ever have to endure. Because the Internet provides global access, the number of sex offenders using this avenue has dramatically increased, allowing them greater access to innocent victims. Child pornography is illegal in the United States regardless of whether it is being sold, viewed, saved on a computer or copied. Other countries have varying laws regarding child pornography where it is illegal to produce it but not to have it stored on a computer that you own. Although laws may be in place to protect against child pornography across the global community, those laws are not always enforced. 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Animal Testing Should Be Banned - 926 Words

Chimpanzees â€Å"used in animal tests can exhibit symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, a condition more commonly associated with soldiers who have experienced deadly combat† (â€Å"Animal Rights†). PTSD is a serious anxiety disorder that may or may not be treated with several therapy sessions. â€Å"More than 100 million animals every year suffer and die in cruel chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics tests as well as in biology lessons, medical training exercises, and curiosity-driven medical experiments at universities†(â€Å"PETA Makes Its Case Against Animal Testing†). Alternative testing methods can now be used to replace animal testing. There is absolutely no excuse for using animals for human benefits. Humans and animals are a whole different species. Animals make poor test subjects because of the difference in species. The closest animal to a human is a monkey or chimpanzee but, even then they are still poor test subjects. â€Å"Only some 15% of chimpanzee studies are cited by papers describing medical interventions potentially effective in humans. However, detailed examination of such medical papers reveal that in vitro (cell-based) studies, human clinical and population studies, molecular methods and tests, and genome studies, are by far the most important sources of knowledge† (Bekoff). The anatomical differences between the two species make test outcomes unreliable. Even drugs that pass animal tests are not necessarily safe. It may be safe for the creature that it was tested onShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. 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The Indigenous Communities in Australia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service. Answer: Overview ATSICHS Mackay is a self-governing, community-controlled and independent indigenous organization which offers primary healthcare services mainly to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in the Mackay region, Queensland. The organization partners with the community and different healthcare provider in providing services that are both accessible and appropriate to indigenous groups in the Mackay region (Schluter et al, 2016). The service areas include the indigenous communities in Isaac, Central Highlands, Mackay and Whitsunday. The services on the other hand include dental care, podiatry, support and education on drugs and alcohol use among others. It is considered as the leading indigenous health service provider in Australia having been the first to be certified by the BSI Australia after satisfying the NSQHS standards and the ISO 9001 Quality Management criteria (Sivabalan et al, 2017). History of ATSICHS-Mackay Limited ATSICHS Mackay was founded in 1978 in Mackay Queensland to provide a holistic health service to indigenous communities in the Mackay region in Australia. The community-controlled organization therefore has served Australias Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people for over 30 years. Since its humble beginning in 1978, the non-profit organization has grown to a more than $2 million operational budget today with about 50 staff members. The organization has also developed its capacity over the period to provide 2,500 client services in 10 different program areas in its existing premises (Schluter et al, 2016). Today ATSICHS Mackay offers comprehensive primary healthcare including medical services that are culturally appropriate. These services are made accessible by the facility to over 6,000 indigenous Australians in Isaac, Central Highlands, Mackay and Whitsunday parts of Queensland. Vision and Objectives ATSICHS-Mackay envisions a Strong Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander communities managing their health to enjoy a long and quality life. The organizations main objectives include first, provide appropriate and/or high quality tailor-made primary healthcare services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in the Mackay region. The organizations other objective is to partner with the Mackay community members and other healthcare providers in order to ensure that services offered not only appropriate but also accessible to each and every Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in the region. The organization ensures that its activities; are led and controlled by the community; respect the cultures of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders; are honest and considers integrity and further; supports; supports the community in Mackay region while recognising its own achievements as a motivation to further its course Programs Services The organization offers clinical services through a team of multi-disciplinary Registered Nurses, GPs and Indigenous Health Workers. First, the organization provides immunisation services to the community on a weekly basis to people of different ages within the region (Sivabalan et al, 2017). It is thus an immunization for the residents and those who require vaccination clearances for travel purposes. Secondly, ATSICHS-Mackay runs a rigorous health promotion and education program within the community focussing on educating the community on different healthcare options, drugs and alcohol abuse, STI prevention among others. In regard to nutrition, the ATSICHS-Mackay offers advice to people of different ages on appropriate dietary requirements in line with their health conditions (Mutch et al, 2017). The fourth program offered includes patient follow up and home visits. The healthcare providers visit homes to offer postnatal care, for defaulter-tracing purposes, and to just follow up pa tient welfare after hospital discharge. In order to prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases, the organization provides ECG heart checks and refers clients to specialised medical facilities in Australia. ATSICHS-Mackay also offers Minor surgery services including stitching of cuts, removing moles and sunspots and further the liquid-nitrogen-freezing therapy to the clientele. Generally, the organization offers healthcare consultation through its highly motivated group of healthcare providers and visiting specialists (Campbell et al, 2017). In regard to specific health checks carried out by the organization offers health checks for the aged, adults, and children. Special screening programs are done on hearing health, pregnancy, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), cervical cancer among others. The organization also runs a social support program which comprises of organising social health units meetings on every weekday within the communities in Mackay region. It also organizes Regional Outreach Community Screening servi ces during school holidays in areas like Proserpine, Bowen, Sarinaand Clermont. ATSICHS-Mackay organizes health screening days in schools in the Mackay region for students and communities in the surrounding districts (Brigg et al, 2017). Further, the organization avails mental health specialists to offer therapy to patients with mental problems including guiding and counselling psychologists. Membership: Community/Target Population ATSICHS Mackay targets the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in the Mackay region who are major stakeholders in the running of the institution. The community members inform decision making procedures on management and implementation of the different programs run by the institution (Stewart et al, 2012). They form part of the board of directors who are chosen from the community. The board comprises of 3 directors, a chairperson, treasurer and secretary. The organization thus relies on the community needs feedback offered to them by the members of the communities in Mackay and its neighbouring districts to align its program so as to suit them appropriately. The community also decides on the most culturally appropriate healthcare procedures to be offered to members by the healthcare teams. In according to Mutch et al (2017), particular the organization serves over 6,000 indigenous Australians inIsaac, Central Highlands, Mackay and Whitsunday parts of Queensland who parti cipate in its programs. Location Contacts ATSICHS Mackay is located at the Joan Seden Building on Victoria Street in Mackay, Queensland. Address 31-33 Victoria Street Mackay QLD 4740 Contacts Tel (07) 4957 9400 Toll Free 1800 817 773 Fax(Admin) (07) 4951 0683 Fax(Clinic) (07) 4953 1626 Opening Hours 8.30am to 5.00pm (Monday-Friday) Clinical Hours: 8:30am to 4:00pm (Monday-Friday) 8:30am to 11:30 (Saturday) After Hours Emergency Department, Mackay Base Hospital (07) 4885 6000 Emergencies hotline number: 000 Issues and challenges One of the major issues concerning ATSICHS Mackay is accessibility of its services to community members considering that it is centred away from the rural areas in Queensland. A lot of aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders with the Mackay region find it difficult and costly to travel to the organizations premises for services. They thus rely on community outreach programs run by the organization which are however costly to the non-profit institution. Secondly in the quest to offer culturally appropriate healthcare, the organization needs indigenous healthcare providers from the region. However, it is difficult to find medical specialists and healthcare providers who are from the indigenous communities (Campbell et al, 2017). Even so, the organization ensures that majority of its staff members understand the culture of the communities within and also gives priority to qualified health professionals in terms of job opportunities. A further challenge to the organization is the high cos t of hiring visiting specialists and expensive community outreach programs in schools and communities during holidays (Schluter et al, 2016). While the organization relies on donations and grants from the state and national government, it has to factor in its budget the successful implementation of such programs to ensure that services reach the people within its area of jurisdiction. Reflection Having understood that the indigenous communities in Australia have poorer health outcomes as compared to the non-indigenous people, I realised that institutions such ATSICHS Mackay are quite instrumental in reducing this gap. The numerous chronic diseases, effects of drugs and alcoholism, vulnerability to infectious diseases, inaccessibility of culturally acceptable and appropriate services remain a heavy burden to indigenous communities in Australia (Stewart et al, 2012). However I realized that the burden is even heavier for institutions like ATSICHS Mackay which have to find strategies to mobilize resources to enable them support these communities (Campbell et al, 2017). The increasing competition between indigenous and non-indigenous organizations on state and national government grants risks a cut on the funds intended for institutions as ATSICHS Mackay. This can limit their operations and curtail the services they offer in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. My research on the membership and management of ATSICHS Mackay has made me realize the importance of a participatory approach when planning and implementing community-intended programs. This approach is effective as it ensures that all the community health needs are all met/and or brought forward for consideration (Askew et al, 2017). The approach also ensures that the services offered are culturally appropriate and up ethical. I have also understood the need to run services which comply with the NSQHS standards and the ISO 9001 Quality Management criteria. These standards as met by ATSICHS Mackay have seen the organization to be rated among the leading Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders community-controlled health institutions in Australia References Askew, D., Lyall, V., Ewen, S., Paul, D., Wheeler, M. (2017). Understanding practitioner professionalism in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health: lessons from student and registrar placements at an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary healthcare service.Australian Journal of Primary Health. Bird, J., Rotumah, D., Bennett-Levy, J., Singer, J. (2017). Diversity in eMental Health Practice: An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Service Providers.JMIR Mental Health,4(2), e17. Brigg, M., Curth-Bibb, J. (2017). Recalibrating intercultural governance in Australian Indigenous organizations: the case of Aboriginal community controlled health.Australian Journal of Political Science,52(2), 199-217. Campbell, M., Hunt, J., Scrimgeour, D., Davey, M., Jones, V. (2017). Contribution of Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Services to improving Aboriginal health: an evidence review.Australian Health Review. McDermott, R., Schmidt, B., Preece, C., Owens, V., Taylor, S., Li, M., Esterman, A. (2015). Community health workers improve diabetes care in remote Australian Indigenous communities: results of a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial.BMC Health Services Research,15(1). Mutch, A., Lui, C., Dean, J., Mao, L., Lemoire, J., Debattista, J. et al. (2017). Increasing HIV testing among hard-to-reach groups: examination of RAPID, a community-based testing service in Queensland, Australia.BMC Health Services Research,17(1). Schluter, P., Askew, D., Spurling, G., Lee, M., Hayman, N. (2016). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander oral health and its impact among adults: A cross-sectional study.Australian Dental Journal,62(1), 84-94. Sivabalan, P., Saboo, A., Yew, J., Norton, R. (2017). Q fever in an endemic region of North Queensland, Australia: A 10 year review.One Health,3, 51-55. Skerrett, D., Gibson, M., Darwin, L., Lewis, S., Rallah, R., De Leo, D. (2017). Closing the Gap in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Youth Suicide: A Social-Emotional Wellbeing Service Innovation Project.Australian Psychologist. Stewart, J., Sanson-Fisher, R., Eades, S., Fitzgerald, M. (2012). The risk status, screening history and health concerns of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people attending an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service.Drug and Alcohol Review,31(5), 617-624. Websites https://www.atsichs.org.au Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Health Service, Mackay (Ltd) https://www.truelocal.com.au/business/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-health-service-mackay-ltd/mackay Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service - Mackay https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/australian-health-services/service/30279646/mackay_south,4740/aboriginal-health-clinic/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-community-health-service-macka

Novel Review Bright Lights, Big City Essay Example

Novel Review Bright Lights, Big City Essay Bright Lights, Big City is an interesting novel describing the urban life of New York in the 1980s filled with materialism, young people with high ambitions and lure for enjoying parties and nightlife. It is acclaimed to be one of the best novels written in English in 2nd person. The plot of the novel is revolves around a young man who moved along with his wife from Oklahoma to New York to pursue his dreams and make a fortune. During the day, he works as a fact checker for a magazine publishing company while in the night he is a cocaine addict party goer. His wife, Amanda deserted him in the pursuit of her modeling career and went to Europe and then one day all of a sudden he came to know from her that she is leaving him for good for another man that can fulfill her career ambitions. She was quite ambitious and desirous to achieve her modelling career milestones due to her overnight success that literally made her to leave his husband. However, her husband kept himself hopeful of her returning back into his life got extremely obsessed and sick due to her absence and the vacuum she created in his life.In the beginning, somehow he tries to live with the reality that she is ultimately gone from her life but his obsession with her kept him optimistic that she would return one day. As time flies by, he got increasing extremely obsessed with her wife’s belongings, photos, and the clubs she used to visit regularly. He often used to visit and stare at the mannequin based on her and even tried to search her at a fashion event. As his p ersonal obsessions, habits and partying went on the increase, he suddenly realized that they are adversely affecting his personal life and work as well. And then one day, he realized that his wife was not really worth of the amount of love and obsession that he had for her. He managed to live the reality that she is no more a part of her life and her existence does not carry any value for him. He also got bore We will write a custom essay sample on Novel Review Bright Lights, Big City specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Novel Review Bright Lights, Big City specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Novel Review Bright Lights, Big City specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

010 The Conversation Professor Ramos Blog

010 The Conversation Quick Write What do you think is the difference between writing in high school and writing in college? Name(required) Email(required) Comment(required) Submit WordPress.com Sign up for wordpress.com. This is the account you need to be able to post your essays. The Conversation We have already learned two important concepts: Literacy Writing Process The third concept is the metaphor of the conversation. What we are studying now, has a long history. People have been writing and researching everything you can think of. For example, the conversation on how to speak well goes back a couple thousand years to Aristotle, Plato, and others that came before. Everything you will write about from now on, needs to be based in a conversation. A scholarly one, a scientific one, a popular one. To know what has been said before, you need to read and research. Entering the Conversation The introduction to the textbook, page 1, explains that the book relies on templates to help us do the basic moves of writing. The templates are guides that when used, help us to structure and generate our own writing. We will talk a lot about approaches to writing and how to think about writing, as well as use the templates provided, to help us practice the principles of writing. It is true, of course, that critical thinking and writing go deeper than any set of linguistic formulas, requiring that you question assumptions, develop strong claims, offer supporting reasons and evidence, consider opposing arguments, and so on. But these deeper habits of thought cannot be put into practice unless you have a language for expressing them in clear, organized ways. (TSIS) State your own ideas as a response to others. You are just entering a conversation that has been going on for thousands of years. You are not expected to know everything, but you are expected to begin to understand what others have said before and how to find it. To argue means more than just stating your own position. To argue you need to enter into a conversation with others views. Then you can try to convince others of your position or just to see your position as valid. Burkes Unending Conversation Metaphor Kenneth Burke writes: Imagine that you enter a parlor. You come late. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it is about. In fact, the discussion had already begun long before any of them got there, so that no one present is qualified to retrace for you all the steps that had gone before. You listen for a while, until you decide that you have caught the tenor of the argument; then you put in your oar. Someone answers; you answer him; another comes to your defense; another aligns himself against you, to either the embarrassment or gratification of your opponent, depending upon the quality of your allys assistance. However, the discussion is interminable. The hour grows late, you must depart. And you do depart, with the discussion still vigorously in progress. Dont Blame the Eater You wrote a summary of the Zinczenko article for todays journal. Quick Write In your own words, what is the Conversation? Name(required) Email(required) Comment(required) Submit

Intel Computers essays

Intel Computers essays There is a company down in Silicon Valley that seems to think it needs to produce more and more CPUs to push to the public to buy them when they are not needed. Intel has to market things but when they push so much for things that arent necessary such as a newer version of the one before. The company is called Intel and they have a very fast growing market that they like to have control of. Two weeks after you buy one of their products they want you to think its obsolete and not worth any thing anymore and that you need to go buy the newest and the best once again. They make a variety of chips such as the Celleron, Pentium (II,III), Xeon, and a few others. The Celleron processor has its benefits in the computer age today. It is cheaper and more cost effective than the other ones out there by Intel. Mainly home users who cant afford the top of the line systems out for purchase use the Celleron version. The Celleron tends to come in systems valued less than Fifteen Hundred Dollars. The bus speed included is 66Mhz which is slightly slower than the new 100mhz with the Pentium II 350 and above. The Celleron can be used for word processing and some games with out 3dfx acceleration. If you are looking to upgrade than this would not be something your family should be interested in. If you are a serious gamer and edit video then you should go purchase a Pentium II,III system. The Pentium systems are the most widely used and operated home and business computer used today. There is no difference in the Pentium II, or III until you reach over 550 mhz which over that clock speed allows the new 133Mhz buss speed. Currently the bus speed is 100Mhz. However if that is not important to you then you might want to go the Celeron direction. The Xeon processor is mailny used for servers and supercomputers. The average Joe could not afford the this chip as the newest models are as expensive as 2,000 brand new for a 500M...

Sam 386 assig 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Sam 386 assig 4 - Assignment Example The benefits consider the list of resources that are available to the participant of the athletics program. For Laser high school, there exist nine areas of benefit, which includes the equipment and supplies, scheduling of the practice time, per diem, coaching, locker rooms, medical services, publicity, tutoring, and support services. The equipment and supplies include the apparel, instructional devices, specific supplies and equipment, and apparel and uniform. Therefore, during the visit uniforms such as travel bags, shoes, and warm up were examined to ensure that the female and male participants have comparable attires. Most schools preferred the rotation based on some number of years. For instance, in the first year the basketball uniform for boys and girls were bought. In the second year, soccer attires were bought, in the third year softball and baseball attires were bought, in the fourth year tracks for the volleyballs and cross-country was bought. During the fifth year, the cycle started all over again. In Laser, a crucial aspect for the component was the policy on the basketball team of the girls that compete on the prime date. The policy of the high school is that every year, the basketball teams of the girls must need to schedule forty percent of the regular season contests during the prime date. The percentage of girls was necessary irrespective of the home game for boys. The percentage for the prime date was calculated by dividing the number of home matches on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday by the number of home matches scheduled (Carpenter, 2000). The program component involved the mode of transport, distance travelled, lodging, and meal that are offered for the teams. Specifically, the factors that were important include the means of transport; bus versus van, school bus versus the luxury charter, clinic and camps, arrangement of meals from booster group or restaurant, and the

Analyze an ad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analyze an ad - Essay Example So as to minimize the seriousness of the message, visual symbols are applied (Danna 100). For instance, in the ‘father and mother I love you’ ad, there were no real people used to portray the message, only the moving letters F-A-M-I-L-Y and caricatures. This essay analyzes the ‘father and mother I love you’ ad in terms of cultural ideas and the nature and effectiveness of the rhetoric used. Analysis The ‘family and mother I love you’ ad portrays the roles of parents in the family: the father as the ‘pillar’ and ‘shelter’ and mother as the light and guardian. It is a metaphorical ad in the sense that it only uses symbols to communicate its message. The word ‘family’ is at the center of the ad and it shows the changes the ‘family’ went through. It shows how the father and mother care for the family, how the child grows up, how s/he eventually left the family to have a life of his/her own, how the parents aged, and how their grownup child returns to them to take over the responsibility over the family. The initial background shows a home, and then the latter part shows the outside world where hardships are experienced, which is symbolized by the rain. Cultural ideas and stereotypes are effectively used in this advertisement. It elicits a powerful emotional impact because it appeals to the traditional idea that the family is all about love, compassion, and sacrifice, especially on the part of the parents. One of the main cultural ideas used is that we should take responsibility of our parents when they are getting older. Our parents took care of us when we were young and still helpless, and so it is our responsibility to take care of them when they get old and weak. This form of familial responsibility is embraced in most Asian cultures. In many Asian countries, the children are expected to take care of their parents when they grow up. It is a disgrace to leave the parents in an institution or transfer the responsibility of caring for them to a relative or professional caregiver (Adamson 88). On the other hand, in several Western countries, parents expect their children to be independent and learn to take care of themselves, not their parents (Rama 24). However, in more traditional Western homes, the family is still the most important part of children’s lives. There are also cultural stereotypes used. The parents are shown to be the loving and self-sacrificing people in the family. It suggests that parents should never be disappointed by their children. It tries to say that we are here because of our parents and that fact alone is enough to make us remember our responsibility to our parents. There are numerous parents in the world who feel frustrated and disappointed of their children because of their lack of respect and irresponsible attitude toward their family. This is depicted in the ad where the ‘I’—the child—begin s to disobey his/her parents and break their rules. The disappointment of ‘F’—the father—and ‘M’—the mother—is shown by their crying. But many parents tolerate their children’s foolishness and forgive their mistakes because of parental love and sacrifice. These parents are willing to bear the pain only if it means comfort and a good life for their children. Thus the cultural stereotyp

Second Hand Smoke :: essays research papers

Second Hand Smoke Second Hand Smoke In the 1950's and 60's scientists gave the people a lot of evidence on the deadly effects of smoking where the tobacco companies on the other hand tried to put the doubt in people’s minds through the campaigns to show that it is not all true. By the time people actually decided to take care of their health and finally saw how life-threatening smoking could be by real life examples, the tobacco companies already got rich from its sales. Nowadays, nobody doubts that â€Å"firsthand† smoke is deadly to your health and it causes lung cancer and heart disease in adults and asthma and bronchitis in children. Now the industry is onto the secondhand smoke. Scientists and researchers are representing a lot of evidence and research that has been done throughout the years showing that the secondhand smoke can also cause a lung cancer in nonsmokers. The study has been done of people who have been long exposed to secondhand smoke and it shows that 26 out of 33 publ ished studies indicate a link between secondhand smoke and lung cancer. The study estimates that the people that were breathing secondhand smoke were 8 to 150 percent more likely to get lung cancer. The tobacco companies are trying to argue the facts and are still in serious debate about the health hazards of breathing a secondhand smoke. A lot of anti-smoking organizations are trying to turn smoking in public into a private activity that does not have to involve nonsmokers breathing secondhand smoke. What is even more important is that many of these organizations convinced a lot of smokers to cut back or quit completely. The problem of secondhand smoke is increasing because it is so common in our society. It makes secondhand smoke the third-ranking cause of lung cancer among nonsmokers. Mothers who live with a smoking spouse have to realize the ill effects of secondhand smoke on children even before they are born. The smoking components reach the developing fetus through the mother . Infants that are born in a smoking environment weigh less and have a weaker chance of becoming a fully developed child. Secondhand smoke leads to blood clots and damages arterial linings which are the two most leading factors in the development of heart disease. The tobacco companies got scared of the effect that the secondhand smoke research can do to the cigarette makers.

Quality and Reliability Essay

You Tube Enterprises are a marketing and distribution company that is engaged in providing exotic Caribbean products of high quality to persons in diaspora that currently reside in North America and Europe. Quality and reliability are two critical success factors. You Tube has been using its website as it principal point of contact for its customers. You Tube Enterprises were recently awarded a major contract to supply a major chain in Europe, Marks and Spencers. It is recognised that persons of Caribbean origin are a significant percentage of the population .This is in addition to the growing popularity of Caribbean food among other sectors of the population. In order to successfully fulfil this contract, higher levels of productivity by You Tube suppliers are required in order to meet the price and response time requirements. You, as Marketing Manager, are expected to work closely with the Human Resource Managers of the four main suppliers to develop a reward system that will enabl e greater reliability with respect to response time and assure quality and compliance with HACCAP1 requirements. 1. Outline the factors that You Tube Enterprises must consider in the design of such a reward system to ensure its success, i.e. to ensure that the programme is beneficial to both the employees and the supplier company and 2. Develop a draft proposal for consideration by the Board and Management of each company. In your proposal you should indicate: I. Whether and why the Plan should be group based or individual based II. The quantum of risk employees should be prepared to accept in their total package i.e. the quantum of incentive pay to total compensation III. Whether incentive pay should fully replace traditional pay and the reasons for this recommendation IV. The criteria by which performance will be judged and how will this be communicated and disseminated to staff and their supervisors V. The administration of the reward system, i.e. whether short or long term and whether the pay-outs should match the production cycle and the required delivery schedules

The effects of ICT on the individual

1. Internet e.g. email, websites, messenger, chat rooms 2. Communication e.g. mobile phone, video phone, video conferencing, information points 3. Entertainment e.g. games console, MP3 player, digital TV 4. Mobile access e.g. laptop, PDA, Wi-Fi, WAP 5. Data capture e.g. digital camera, voice recorder, scanner 6. Financial transactions e.g. ATM, EPOS, smart card Internet How the Internet Is Used The internet is used in many different ways such as; communication, finding information, publishing, commerce and for online learning. The most widely used facilities on the internet are; The World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail (e-mail), newsgroups, chat and publishing. The web is the most popular and fastest growing part of the internet. It provides easy access to a vast range of information stored on computers all over the world. E-mail allows people to send messages from one computer to another almost immediately. It is widely used and has become an alternative to the conventional letter post, the fax, and telephone. Newsgroups are discussion groups that usually focus on one particular subject and therefore enable people with common interests to communicate. Chat is similar to a telephone conversation, except people type instead of talk. People can hold conversations with one or more people by typing their messages on the screen. These appear instantly on the screens of everyone involved. Publishing is not just for organisations or businesses. Anyone can create their own Web site or weblog and ‘publish’ their files on the World Wide Web. Benefits of the Internet There are a numerous benefits of the internet such as communication, information, downloading software, services and e-commerce. People can benefit from internet communication because people can communicate in seconds with a person who is in the other part of the world. We can also e-mail people from all over the world and we can chat for hours with loved ones. Information is probably the biggest benefit the internet offers. Any kind of information on any topic in the world is available on the internet. People can almost find any type of data on any kind of subject that they are looking for. There is a vast amount of information available on the internet ranging from government law and services, market information, new ideas and technical support. Another benefit is downloading software. This is one of the most happening and fun things to do using the internet. People can download countless games, music, videos, movies, and lots of other entertainment software from the internet, whic h are mostly free. Many services are now provided on the internet such as online banking, job seeking, purchasing tickets for favourite movies, guidance services on a range of topics, and hotel reservations. Often these services are not available off-line and can cost more. Ecommerce is the idea used for any type of commercial planning, or business deals that involves the transfer of information across the globe via Internet. Ecommerce has got a real incredible and wide range of products from household needs, technology to entertainment. The internet can also provide children and adults alike with a world of exciting opportunities. It offers: 1. educational games and programs 2. research information for school projects and business 3. the opportunity to communicate with people from all around the world 4. the opportunity to share resources and ideas with people that have the same interests 5. Shopping around the world without leaving a computer. Disadvantages of the Internet The internet can have some disadvantages such as theft of personal information, spamming and virus threats. Theft of personal information is a disadvantage because if someone uses the internet, they may be facing great danger as their personal information such as their name, address, credit card number can be accessed by other people. Spamming means the sending of unwanted emails in bulk which don’t provide a purpose. These illegal actions can be very frustrating for people. Viruses are programs which interrupt the usual function of computers. Computers attached to the internet are more prone to virus attacks. Entertainment How Entertainment Is Used Entertainment is used in several ways such as games consoles, MP3/4 players and digital TV. Games consoles are used as entertainment by playing games, watching movies, surfing the web and listening to music. MP3 players are used as entertainment by listening to music. MP4 players are used as entertainment by watching video clips, looking at pictures and listening to music. Digital TV is used for entertainment by watching TV programmes. Digital TV has over 30 channels to watch. Benefits of Entertainment There are various benefits of entertainment. Entertainment sets peoples minds free, keeps people chilled out, releases stress, and it makes people feel happy. Entertainment is fun and keeps people occupied for long amounts of time. You can also use entertainment anywhere in the world as you can watch movies, play games and much more on mobile devices such as mobile phones, iPods and tablets. Disadvantages of Entertainment There are some disadvantages of entertainment as people can get carried away watching a movie, playing a game on a games console or listening to music using a MP3 player can make people late to appointments and meetings. Entertainment can also steer people away from work or studying as entertainment is addictive. Mobile Access How Mobile Access Is Used Mobile access can be used to access different things while on the move using a laptop, PDA or other devices. Mobile access can be used to access emails and to surf the web. Mobile devices can be used to access the internet via Wi-Fi (wireless internet) or via WAP (Wireless application Protocol). Benefits of Mobile Access Mobile access can be used almost anywhere in the world even on Mount Everest. Mobile access is wireless so there isn’t the hassle of carrying wires around. The price of mobile access isn’t over priced either and in fact some Wi-Fi hotspots are free to access and use. Mobile broadband can also be used in areas which do not have broadband. Mobile broadband can also be pay as you go so it is paid for when it is used instead of monthly. Disadvantages of Mobile Access Standard broadband or home broadband can sometimes be a lot cheaper than mobile broadband. The speed of mobile access can be slower than standard broadband. The download/usage limits for mobile broadband are quite restrictive. Communication How Communication Is Used Communication can be used with mobile phones, video phones, video conferencing and computers. Mobile phones can be used to communicate by texting and voice calling someone. Video phones can be used to communicate by seeing the person someone is talking to on the phone. Video conferencing can be used to communicate by seeing and speaking to numerous individuals at once. Computers can be used for communicating by sending an email to someone, chatting to someone in a chat room and video calling or voice calling someone using a program such as Skype. Benefits of Communication Communication can be used all most anywhere in the world using many different devices. Some forms of communication can be free such as using a free messenger program on a computer for example Windows Live Messenger is free to chat to someone, free to call someone who has Windows Live Messenger using a microphone and video calling someone who has Windows Live Messenger. Programs like Windows Live Messenger and Skype can be used to communicate with people from all over the world for free. Disadvantages of Communication Communication can have some disadvantages as the cost of some communication devices can be expensive. Calling someone using a mobile phone can sometimes cost quite a bit. If a webcam is used to communicate to someone sometimes the webcam can be hacked so a hacker can see you. If someone communicates to someone using the internet and the connection is slow things could be misinterpreted. Data Capture How Data Capture Is Used Data capture is used to capture many different things for example photos, speech and documents. Data capture is used in different ways such as taking pictures with a digital camera, recording a conversation using a voice recorder, scanning a barcode using a barcode scanner and copying a photo or document using a scanner. Benefits of Data Capture Data capture is a great way of capturing memories by taking photos using a digital camera. It is also a great way for people who are in a meeting and need to remember what was said in the meeting, people can do this by using a voice recorder. Data capture is also very helpful in shops as products can be scanned for a barcode using a barcode scanner. Another benefit of data capture is that if a backup of a printed photo or document is needed then it can be backed up by using a scanner. Disadvantages of Data Capture Some data capturing devices may not capture data properly for instance a voice recorder may stop recording randomly or the device may not record properly causing voices recorded to be muffled. Another disadvantage may be that barcode scanners in shops may not be updated properly so some product barcodes can’t be scanned as they won’t appear on the system.

The Steps to Our America essays

The Steps to Our America essays The Declaration of Independence is a historical document that stated the colonies wanted and would gain freedom from Britain. It eloquently expresses the reasons the colonies wanted freedom. It also blamed Britain for many abuses that King George forced and inflected upon the colonies. The Declaration of Independence includes the peoples right to change or overthrow their government if it tries to deny them their rights. This document has inspired freedom loving people throughout the world. On July 2, 1776, the delegates started reviewing, revising, and debating Thomas Jeffersons 1st draft. They removed a few statements that condemned King George for encouraging slave trade. The rest dealt with style. On July 4 it was adopted by the Congress and signed by John Hancock, the president of the Congress, and Charles Thomson, the secretary. On July 19 it was ordered to be written in nicer writing on parchment and all 56 delegates signed it. Thus we declared our freedom from Britain and were able to stand on our feet, unsteadily but on our feet, even though other countries doubted us. The Declaration is very important to us today. The World Book Encyclopedia states, Drawing upon the writings of the English Philosopher John Locke and other English thinkers, it states two universal principles that have been important to developing democracies ever since. The first principle is that governments exist for the benefit of the people and not their rulers, and that when a government turns to tyranny (unjust use of power), the people of that country have a right to resist and overturn the government. The second principle, that all men are created equal, has served as a powerful reminder that all members of a society are entitled to the full protection of the law and to the right to participate in public affairs. (76) ...

Olympic Game And The Fifa World Cup Management Essay Example

Olympic Game And The Fifa World Cup Management Essay Example Olympic Game And The Fifa World Cup Management Essay Olympic Game And The Fifa World Cup Management Essay South Africa is known as a fast-developing state, and World Cup is possibly the biggest event of all time in its district. However, the substructures in this Africans biggest economic system were still hapless when they won the command in 2004. Therefore, its no uncertainty a great challenge for this state. Furthermore, with the bad repute of African undertaking failure syndrome ( Rwelamila, Talukhaba A ; Ngowi, 1999 ) and eventuality locale ( DellApa,2008 ) , many people has a deep misgiving to countrys capableness to finish this monolithic undertaking. While Canada presents a different scene, where 1976 Montreal Summer Olympic and 1988 Calgary Winter Olympic were staged, with advanced systems in featuring locales, transit, communicating services. Besides, the authorities and authorization had accumulated much experience prior to this game. The International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) had great assurance that Canada will show a superb tourney to the universe. Key Stakeholders Pre-event readying Planning, readying and proving are indispensable to the success of the Games. During the preparative stage, The building of substructure is a cardinal parametric quantity for measuring the preliminaries. Yardstick for measuring overall undertaking public presentation These two undertakings were both over-budget Table 3: Planned budget versus concluding costs of the 10 World Cup bowls ( Baloyi and Bekker, 2011 ) Harmonizing to the tabular array, except from two losing informations, the other eight bowl were all over-budget, the estimated budget was R11.7 one million millions, but the concluding cost was 35 % beyond the budget. Baloyi and Bekker ( 2011 ) found that overspending is caused by a figure of factors, the chief grounds are increase in material cost and inaccurate stuff estimations. It is besides of import to place the beginning of investing for the game, the bowl undertaking was wholly funded by South African authorities. Similary, the locale building cost of 2010 Winter Olympic was besides over-budget. The original estimated cost was $ 470 1000000s, but the organizer subsequently revised the budget to $ 580 1000000s to guarantee the locale could run into IOC satisfaction ( ) . However, the concluding cost given by VANOC was $ 603.3 million. The Government of Canada and the Province of British Columbia each committed $ 290 million to venue development plan, along with $ 23.3 million came from value-in-kind from patrons, BC Housing and involvement ( Brumwell, 2010 ) . Sing the compeletion of work, both South Africa and Vancouver successfully finished before their deadlines. A sum of 10 bowls were selected as game locale for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, five of them were newly-built and other five holding undergone monolithic renovation. Building work was due to get down in late 2006, and they were supposed to complete before December 2009. However, it went through a zigzag procedure, FIFA review commission was often kicking about the slow advancement, and some were non ready for the Confederation Cup in 2009 the warm-up event for the World Cup ( Baloyi and Bekker, 2011 ) . Some rumors even claimed that the president of FIFA, Joseph Blatter might look for alternate to host this tourney. But eventually, all 10 bowls were successfully completed on clip and passed scrutiny. During the command procedure for the 2010 Winter Olympics, the modern, brilliant bing featuring locales has been one of Canadas great competitory advantage. With its solid foundation, the VANOC decided to upgrade four locales to necessitate criterion and meanwhile built six new sites. VANOC started venue building every bit early as 2006, and it was developed really swimmingly. By February 2009, one twelvemonth in front of the game, all locales were ready and unfastened for preparation and proving event. Besides, the ticket gross revenues of these two events differed greatly. In April 2010, merely two months before the kickoff, there were still 50,0000 unsold tickets, available to all 64 games including South Africa s lucifers and the concluding. The hapless merchandising was go oning in both host state and abroad market, merely 42 % of allocated tickets were being bought outside South Africa, with 330,000 tickets staying. The concern of expensive airfare, transit, hotel and safety issue had deterred many protagonists. As respects domestic purchasers, the first job was pricing, as most of the flush white occupants prefer watching rugger to football, while even the cheapest tickets ( 140 rand = 12.40 ) , were still out of range for the black community. Another job is the dealing method, The IOC chose cyberspace as a chief gross revenues channel, nevertheless, merely 11 % of South African population were internet endorsers ( ) . To guarantee full bowl, the organiser gave some free tick ets to big companies instead than hapless people, but there was no betterment after the tourney started, the FIFA functionaries were still disappointed with 1000s of empty seats. In constrast, tickets for Vancouver Olympics sold really good, study suggested that VANOC managed to sell over 97 % of the numbering 1.54 1000000s tickets. With respect to abroad gross revenues, more than 75 % of all available tickets were sold. The bowls were full in Opening and Closing Ceremonies and in some popular athleticss such as ice hockey. The high attendence was due to two ground, foremost, the VOC created a fan-to-fan market place on its official web site for reselling and donating the game ticket, which provided great flexiblity for marketer and purchasers. Second, some of official spouses donated over 50,000 tickets, and these tickets were so distributed to the destitute communities ( ) . Operational hazard and unexpected challenge Table 4: Hazard Table of South Africa World Cup Table 5: Hazard Table of Vancouver Olympic Games The 19th FIFA World Cup was the fifth clip held in the South hemisphere. Players have to vie in cold clime once more after 32 old ages. As the sod are to a great extent influenced by the clime, the inauspicious conditions status seemingly brought a large challenge to the organiser. Therefore, FIFA and LOC decided to present the man-made grass to some of bowls. Basically it was a blend of unreal grass ( 3 % ) and nature grass ( 97 % ) , the unreal grass fibers were implanted below the surface and intermingle with the nature grass which can beef up the field ( ) . Thus the intercrossed grass will hold a smooth surface with a hardy root, it will non be affected by upwind status or ferocious undertaking any more. As man-made grass was first employed in World Cup, the populace were filled with expectancy and uncertainty. After playing a lucifer on this revolunary surface, the Algerian manager Rabah Saadane felt the man-made pitch had a negative impact on his squads public presentation. Ne vertheless, most of participants mentioned that it was a challenge but they enjoyed playing on this field ( ) . Safety has been a long-standing issue for South Africa, which is stemmed from racial tenseness, pieces proliferation, high unemployment rate and big income spread etc. Any offenses happened during the World Cup would deface the host state. Awared of these hazards, both LOC and the authorities spent much attempt in battling offense and guaranting the security of visitants. Before the start of tourney, the South African authorities announced that their disbursal in security had reached $ 1 billion, and the SA constabularies service added 41,000 constabularies officer to cover with larceny, vandalism and terroism ( Sylvester and Harju, 2010 ) . The authorities besides invested R45 million to a fast-track condemnable justness system to treat any World Cup-related offense. The suspects were arrested by constabulary and taken to a delicated tribunal where they would confront farther probe ( Sylvester and Harju, 2010 ) In add-on, Joint Operation Centers have been set up at each locale locat ion, and it consisted of constabulary, trefoil and fireman in order to get by with any possible crisis ( Pellegrino, Bam and Dutiro, 2010 ) . It turned out that these moves were really effectual. The reported offense dropped 70 per centum during the World Cup, the tourney passed off peacefully without any studies of violent offense ( Sylvester and Harju, 2010 ) . The South African authorities won international congratulations for its security step. On the contrary, this Vancouver Olympic was doomed to be unsuccessful from first twenty-four hours when Georgian Luger Nodar Kumaritashvili was killed during a preparation tally. Although the paramedics arrived on the scene within seconds after the accident and the athelete was airlifted to a injury centre in Whistler ( Bryant, 2010 ) . However, few hours subsequently, the Georgian deputation confirmed the tragic intelligence. In fact, Luge is seen as the most unsafe athleticss in the Olympics, and it took topographic point in one of the universes fastest path this clip. Furthermore, prior to the awful calamity, there were several little accidents in the same topographic point, and one Rumanian jock lapsed into unconsciousness for a few proceedingss ( Bryant, 2010 ) . But unluckily, these issues had non brought to organizers attending. VANOC did non modify the race path and rise the protective wall on the side of the luge, which resulted in the fatal accident. This calamity had caste d a somberness over the game and it was merely a beginning of catastrophe. A series of accidents followed afterwards, the sudden prostration of ice-resurfacing equipment led to the delay of speedskating events, and one Slovenian jock injured during the cross-country race. More earnestly, VANOC didnt reckon for the unseasonably mild conditions. This caused a job at Cypress Mountain, as snow could run in the locale of freestyle skiing and snowboarding competitions. Therefore the organizer had to desperately transport dozenss of snow from environing mountains and even cancelled some competitions ( Broom, 2010 ) . To get by with the refund, the functionaries once more did a hapless occupation, as they merely refund to the original purchaser, and wholly ignored those who bought ticket from jobber. The loss in ticket gross was about $ 1.5 million, merely a bantam portion of VANOC s $ 260 million in ticket gross, but harm in public-relation was much more serious. ( Broom, 2010 ) Post-event Bequest Hosting a big international athleticss event promises non merely the exhilaration of the event and media exposure for the host state but besides the outlook of a positive return on the considerable investing associated with hosting this type of event. Harmonizing to the statistics provided by LOC, the entire gross generated by 2010 World Cup exceeds R38 one million millions, which was 45 % more than the mark. Furthermore, the month-long World Cup contributed R93 one million millions to South Africas GDP growing ( Sylvester and Harju, 2010 ) . In the long term, the monolithic substructure betterments will be benefited by local occupants, and it would move as a accelerator for societal development. Besides, the success of World Cup had changed the international perceptual experience of this state. FIFA president, Sepp Blatter awarded the host state a 9 out of 10 for its organisation. Another study indicated that 92 % of foreign visitants would urge South Africa to others as a tourer finish ( Sylvester and Harju, 2010 ) . These positive responses would surely pull more tourers and abroad investing. The Canadian authorities had predicted that the gross of Winter Olympic approximates $ 9.6 one million millions, but finally, the entire income was about $ 1 billion ( ) . Furthermore, the overall cost of this game was over $ 6 one million millions, 6 times more than the old budget. Therefore, the Olympic Game created debt job for Canada, and this immense load demands to be shared by the local occupants. But except from the immense shortage, the Olympics had left strong bequests for the host state. One of the durable effects was in environment country. The Vancouver Olympic was praised for more than Green game, they had developed a new sustainability benchmark for the hereafter mega featuring event ( ) . In add-on, VANOC received the Excellence for Green Building award from the Globe Foundation and the World Green Building Council for constructing the greenest Olympic territory in North America ( ) . Lesson learnt from the undertakings From my position, although South Africa met with some jobs during the readying such as cost overproduction in locale building and hapless ticket merchandising. But they successfully manage the possible hazards and challenges during the tourney, and besides received both touchable and intangible benefits. Vancouver Olympic Games, by contrast, the organizer win in presenting the undertaking on clip and within its budget, but the tourney was labelled as a failed undertaking due to the awful hazard direction and immense shortages. By comparing these two undertakings, there were several critical lessons to larn. First, exposure to put on the line could do terrible result, hence hazard direction is necessary for undertaking. It requires non merely proper designation of each hazard but besides seasonably and effectual action to undertake them. From the illustration of Winter Olympics, VANOC did non take every potency hazard into consideration. They underestimated the chance and impact of unusual conditions and mechanical snafu, which led to detain and even cancellation of the game. Furthermore, the Olympic organiser did non respond quickly when a hazard had been spotted. Before the Olympics, VANOC and path interior decorator had been informed by the International Luge Federation sing the unsafe luge race path in Whisler Sliding Centre, but the organiser did non do any alteration on the path. After the path was opened for proving and preparation, some incidents occurred and caused hurt. However, there was still no mark of alteration which led to the decease of Georgian jock. Second, cost overproduction sometimes seems ineluctable in a big, long time-span undertaking. Statistical information shows, over the past half century, cost overproduction arises in all the Olympic Game after subtracting the rising prices rate. There are multiple internal and external factors occur during the undertaking. Internal factors such as inaccurate measure take-off, alteration orders by client ( Baloyi and Bekker, 2011 ) . External factors such as fiscal crisis, domestic currency depreciation, rise in natural stuff monetary value. Therefore, for future undertaking directors, they have to keep a good relationship with patrons to procure support. They besides need to fix a elaborate cost-benefit analysis for patrons to convert them of investings. Furthermore, in the early phase, the undertaking squad estimates the budget with small information. The demand is to put more clip in the early briefing phases of design to clearly specify a undertaking s range and complexness. Last, the undertaking director should analyze the existent status of every part, instead than trusting on empiricist philosophy. Particularly for an international undertaking, it is of import to guarantee the same communicating engineering is available across the sites. The organisers of South Africa World Cup wrongly believed that on-line ticket merchandising is favorable in every state, but in fact, the cyberspace use in this state was comparatively low compared to the old host states such as Germany and Japan. This resulted in a hapless ticket merchandising and low mean attending.

EBay Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EBay - Case Study Example Unlike in the marketplace, eBay provides a market space which is not constrained by time and distance. Through the internet technology buyers and sellers from all over the world meet virtually in order to trade their products with each other. In order to ensure the safety and convenience of the participants in each auction that the company hosts, the company has also designed value-added features and services which adds to the value that the customer receives. Thus, aside from bringing buyer and seller together, eBay also delivers safety to customers by ensuring convenient, fast, and safe online transactions. Alongside the huge advantages of transacting online are the risks shouldered by the participants and challenges for eBay. The hesitance of individuals to trade their products and services through online portals, stems from the fact that unlike in the marketplace, that there is a huge information asymmetry in marketspace both on the credibility of the participants and the quality of the products which are traded. Thus, numerous contracting problems occur including shipped products which are unpaid, goods which do not meet the expectations of the buyer, joy bidders, and fraud. These contracting problems are typical in the nature of eBay's business. Since each of the participant in the market wants to maximize his utility by buying unique goods at the same time paying the least for the products which he thinks have higher value while the seller wants to get the best possible money from his commodities, both could have the intention of outdoing each other because of information asymmetr y. 3. How does eBay address these problems Aside from bringing buyers and sellers together, eBay also enhanced its portal with value-added services and features which eliminate fear and assures each participant of safe, reliable, and convenient transaction. As mentioned in the case, Feedback forum is available for everyone who would like to have a thorough understanding of the credibility of a participant. In order to ensure that buyers are getting their money's worth, each buyer or seller is also provided with "insurance." The company also established SafeHarbor to identify, investigate, and take corrective actions on fraud and other misuse of the company's services. eBay's partnership with i-Escrow provides security to payment made. All of these value added features enhances the value delivered to the company's services. 4. What are the contracting costs of eBay The contracting problems identified above that eBay wants to eliminate pressures the business organization to shell out financial resources in order to provide solutions. As discussed in the previous paragraphs, eBay has been keen in identifying the contracting problems in its system and is committed in eliminating these in order to ensure the satisfaction of auction participants. However, in so doing, it also needs to make particular investments which require financial resources. All of these efforts stems from the company's aim of making trading safe and convenient to virtual buyers and sellers. In order to

HUI 235 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HUI 235 - Essay Example cio’s tales illustrate what could happen in that strange medieval period in a society where power and morals were quite different to how we consider them today, and where fear was a very real emotion in women and those who occupied the lower strata. Political correctness and formal ethics had not been invented yet, and it was certainly not an egalitarian society. The first tale from Day Four, when Filostrato tells his story, shows exactly how unequally people dealt with each other. He recounts the plight of Ghismonda, the daughter of Tancrede the King of Salerne. Daughters were under their fathers’ power whether they were servants or kings. Women had very little say in the direction of their lives: the reason for Ghismonda’s tragic fate. Although she was already widowed after an arranged marriage, her father made all decisions about her life, choosing her husband: ‘Neverthelesse, at length, he matched her with the Sonne to the Duke of Capua.’ She could not simply fall in love with any man who came her way. When she did form a secret liaison with Guiscardo - who was not even a nobleman, and occupied a lower position in the palace - she was taking an enormous risk. Secrecy and lies, subterfuge and concealment were vital: a father was seen to be justified in killing his children if they went against his will or trespassed on some social more. There was no freedom and very little fairness. Tancrede blamed his daughter for his anger: ‘...thou hast meerly murthered the unfeigned affection I bare thee, as never any father could expresse more to his childe.’ Her tragedy came from social inequality and the perception - by all - that men were superior and fathers (especially if they were kings) almighty. In the fifth tale of the day, Philomena’s tale about Isabella (Lizabetta in some versions) and her herb pot, her brothers have power to do what they liked with her and anyone who got in their way. It was a world where people died like flies from the plague,

MGT A7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT A7 - Essay Example Leadership and management are two distinctive functions that an organization should have. They are the Conner stones of success and growth of an organization. There should be a balance between management and leadership of an organization. Kotter article has explained that most companies in United States of America do not have equilibrium the two different functions. A number of corporations within US put more emphasis and attention on management with little attention on leadership. More successful corporations in US seek qualified personnel who posses leadership qualities and employ them to take on crucial roles that require ability to lead well. Such companies balance strong leadership with strong management propelling them to success (Kotter, 2001). Basing on the functions that this article has given to leaders and managers, a successful corporation should have more leaders as compared to managers. This article has cited an example a military setup to explain how leadership is more important than management in an organization. In this example, a peacetime army can succeed with good leadership at the highest ranks. In addition, good leadership at all levels is important to ensure success. This example explains that good leadership at the top hierarchies of an organization determines the success of that organization. All levels of a corporation need to have good leadership to ensure success. An organization should go through with variations in time many changes. Changes within an organization or external changes are unavoidable. A crucial function of leadership is coping with changes within and outside an organization. This is a key function because in the past years there has been a rapid increase in market competition between organizations. Organizations should adopt a number of changes in order to compete successfully with its competitors. Failure to cope up with market changes can lead to collapse of a company due to

Toilet Paper Essay Example for Free

Toilet Paper Essay The pages of history state that there was an era in which many other alternatives were used instead of toilet papers. Examples of such alternatives included leaves, pebbles, and water. In ancient times the tribes used to clear their excreta through the remains of a corn or corncobs. They would also sometimes use the skin of the corn. Toilet paper is made up of thin fibers of trees. The increasing demand of toilet roles is decreasing the amount of trees, which are of a great use. The manufacturers of toilet roles many times chop the trees but as it is said they do not understand the importance and just throw the remaining fiber as if it is not of any use. On average, Britons use 17.6 kilograms of toilet paper annually whereas Americans use 15.7 kilograms annually. (Waterfield, 2007) In all, Americans consume 27% of the total wood produced globally. On average, each American uses 75 cubic meters of wood annually. In North America alone, almost half of the coastal temperate rainforests have been wiped out. Almost half of the forests that were originally spread over an area of 48% of the Earths land surface have been lost. Moreover, â€Å"only one-fifth of the Earths original forests remain pristine and undisturbed.† (NRDC: Forest Facts, 2004) In the United States, 94% of the original forests have already been destroyed. Currently, 307,000 square kilometers of forests are remaining which make up around 2% of the total forest remaining worldwide. (Remaining Frontier Forest, n.d.) Toilet Paper manufacturers like Kimberly-Clark say that consumers want non-recycled toilet papers because of their softness which is not possible by using recycled material. â€Å"One million trees would be saved if every U.S. household replaced just one 250-count package of virgin fiber napkins with 100 percent recycled ones. 424,000 trees would be spared by replacing a 500-sheet roll of virgin fiber toilet paper.†Ã‚   (Llanos, 2006) (NRDC: A Shoppers Guide, 2005) Most manufacturers use pulp because it increases the softness of toilet papers. As stated above, many consumers prefer those toilet papers which are soft although the use of recycled toilet papers reduces environmental hazards like global warming by saving trees and forests. Approximately in the USA 5.8 million tons of tissues grades, toilet paper, towels, sanitary products, facial tissues, and diapers are produced yearly. And around 3.5 million tons of scrap paper was used to manufacture aforementioned products. â€Å"By recycling 1 ton of paper you save: 17 trees 6953 gallons of water, 463 gallons of oil, 587 pounds of air pollution, 3.06 cubic yards of landfill space, and 4077 Kilowatt hours of energy.† (Fun Facts, n.d.) An average roll contains 227 grams weight, which usually include the cardboard core tube and this is just over half of a pound. In paper related manufacturing account shows that around 28 percent of trees have been cut down in this respect. However, more trees are planted every annum instead of chopped down. Fortunately, on an average five trees are planted in place of one chopped down tree. (Fun Facts, n.d.) There are over five hundred paper mills are working in the United States. Global production of paper is predictable to expand forty six percent by the year 2040. In this regard, One of the most complete sources for tree-free paper is the â€Å"Oregon based Fiber Options Paper Company catalog†. The owner of the company Karen said that, plants just like â€Å"kenaf† produce four times as much fiber per annum as tress. Hence the plant shorter fiber also forms them more easily recyclable. (Fun Facts, n.d.) Recycled paper is paper that comprises fiber from waste paper. Nevertheless, there is no global agreement on the exact definition of this. According to paper user’s environmental forum checklist recycled paper should comprise as high proportion of pre consumer fiber waste as possibility proportionate. A pre consumer waste paper is a paper that has been used by the end-user for the indented purpose. Recycling paper is not only gathering wastepaper, but also using paper with recycled substances. Certainly, Toilet paper with high-recycled content is neither expensive nor difficult to acquire. â€Å"Recycled paper, either pre or post-consumer materials needs to be washed and is often deinked prior to being pulped. The pulp goes through a bleaching process to make it whiter. There are many bleaching processes; New Leaf Paper chooses a processed chlorine free process. Once the pulp is bleached, it enters a series of phases including the following: the paper forming section; the press section where water is removed by pressing the wet paper between rolls and felts; and the drying section where the moisture content is reduced to the desired level; and the calendering section where the paper is compacted and smoothed progressively as it travels down a stack of steel rolls. After completion, the paper is stored in either rolls or cut into sheets†. (Fun Facts, n.d.) A research conducted by EPA for congress in the early 1970’s disclosed the facts that by using one ton of 100 percent recycled paper we can saves 4100 Kwh of energy, which is sufficient for 1 home for six months besides this we can save 7000 gallons of water. The study further revealed that it also keeps more than sixty pounds of pollution out of the fresh air and hence saves 3.3 cubic yard of landfill space, which is increasingly significant as many domestic landfills near capacity. Moreover, representatives of paper industry companies also approximated that 1 ton of recycled paper saves nearly 17 trees. (Fun Facts, n.d.) References    Fun Facts (n.d.) http://www.toiletpaperworld.com/tpw/encyclopedia/navigation/funfacts.htm Accessed, June 5, 2007 Llanos, Miguel (2006, April 21) Ready to rethink toilet paper for Earth Day? http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12318915/ Accessed, June 5, 2007 NRDC: A Shoppers Guide to Home Tissue Products (2005, Oct 26) http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/gtissue.asp Accessed, June 5, 2007 NRDC: Forest Facts (2004, Aug 27) http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/fforestf.asp Accessed, June 5, 2007 Remaining Frontier Forest (n.d.) http://www.endgame.org/gtt-deforestation.html Accessed, June 5, 2007 Waterfield, Bruno 05/02/2007 Britons lead the way in toilet paper use http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/02/05/wrolls05.xml Accessed, June 5, 2007

The Power of Solar Energy Essay -- Natural Resources Economics Essays

The Power of Solar Energy In today’s world, the growth of energy demands is exploding. Many of the energy sources that supply society with power currently run on non-renewable resources such as oil and coal. These resources also pollute our environment. Other resources such as hydro and wind power are not as reliable as they fluctuate in availability due to environmental conditions. It is important to investigate alternative resources of energy as the current forms and output will not sustain the world at the current increase in societal demands. One viable and almost unlimited source of energy is the sun. Solar panels make use of the sun’s light hitting earth everyday and convert it to a usable form of energy and have the potential to fulfill the world’s energy needs. So, what is Solar Energy and where can one find it? Energy from the sun has great potential for future use as earth’s primary source for power. Solar Energy is radiant energy produced in the sun as a result of nuclear fusion. It is transmitted to the earth in portions of energy called photons, which interact with the earth's atmosphere and surface. The attractions of solar energy are many. In a monetary sense, solar energy costs nothing; it is free for the taking and will not run out for billions of years. It doesn’t pollute or otherwise damage the environment. It creates no dangerous waste products such as plutonium. The extremely positive side of solar energy makes it evident that it is a very good candidate to be earth’s future energy source. There are several ways in which solar energy can be converted to other forms of energy. Photosynthesis and Biomass play a large role in converting solar energy into other forms of energy. Solar ener... ... York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1977. "Howstuffworks" <http://science.howstuffworks.com/solar-cell1.htm> Knight, David C. Harnessing the Sun: The Story of Solar Energy. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1976. McKinney, Michael and Schoch, Robert. Environmental Science Systems and Solutions. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA 2003. Microsoft Bookshelf 98. CD-ROM. Redmond Wa: Microsoft, 1998. [2] Microsoft’s Encarta 98. CD- ROM. Redmond Wa: Microsoft, 1998. [1] Quinn, Neil. Photograph credit. Scientific America. Energy for Planet Earth. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1990. â€Å"Solar Energy.† Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia, Third Ed. 1999. "What are solar panels" < http://www.qrg.nwu.edu/projects/vss/docs/Power/> Interesting Links Cool Solar Energy Facts: <http://www.solarbuzz.com/Consumer/FastFacts.htm>

Describe the promotional mix used by two selected organisations Essay

The promotional mix of a business is how a business attempts to communicate with various target audiences and is a key element in the overall marketing mix. Advertising: Tesco advertise there meal deal effectively, they can advertise their product through commercials, posters, leaflets and billboards, which are all effective in getting the message of their product to their customers, but it isn’t the quantity of advertisement that makes the Meal deal effective, the quality of it instead. Tesco advertise the meal deal with a short catchphrase â€Å"Buy any of these for  £3† which is simple and straight to the point. Advertising is one of the key parts of a promotional mix and is the most effective way of Tesco promoting their product. Below is an example of Tesco advert: Here they show the products previous prices through sales compared to its current price with the image of a berry which symbolises Christmas – This makes people want to buy the item for loved ones. Personal selling: Personal selling is where Tesco manage customer relationships. At Tesco this is an effective way of marketing their meal deal, this is because it involves interpersonal contact between the buyer and the seller. The limitation of personal selling at Tesco is that it is very expensive to employ staff to sell the customers, and has not got a good effect on the Meal Deal particularly. An example of personal selling within Tesco is the use of staff in the shop to advise customers on what they want to buy, this may be by dealing to leaflets to people in populated areas, which may have exciting deals in, this helps Tesco attract customers to market. Sales promotion: Sales promotion is how Tesco promote sales etc to the consumers so that people will buy products under sale. Tesco promote the meal deal in this way, for example they may promote a certain sale for a group of products. A good example of this is the â€Å"Buy one get one free† promotion, which is a very effective marketing strategy. Public relations: Public relations is the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organisation and its public. Activities can include organising conferences, open days etc, however this activity is not particularly used with the Meal deal at Tesco. Direct marketing: Direct marketing is used by Tesco to market their meal deal by using a wide range of consumer and business markets. A clear example of how Tesco achieve this is using e-mails and letters, which are sent to customers with the advertised product. Tesco can use direct marketing by specifically targeting the target audience of meal deal – perhaps people at work as they would be able to get a meal deal at lunch break. Sponsorships: Sponsorships are where organisations such as Tesco pay to be associated with a cause. This is evident in Tesco with the Marie Curie Campaign, in which 5% of profit would go to the fight for cancer campaign, which helps Tesco with marketing because people will want to become involved, which means more people will be buying from Tesco. Promotional mix for National Health Service Advertisement: The NHS advertise there service of health effectively, they can advertise their service through commercials, posters, leaflets and billboards. Advertising at the NHS varies to Tesco, as they do not advertise in terms of persuasion to gain profits, they instead advertise to make the public aware of illnesses, diseases etc so that people can respond effectively to this. The below image is an example of NHS’s advertisement Personal selling is where Tesco manage customer relationships. At the NHS personal selling is not really used as the NHS is a service and does not sell products. Public relations: Public relations at the NHS Sponsorships is a very important promotional mix at the NHS, this is important to them because they have links to many charities. One sponsor in particular that the NHS have is the Academic health Science network of North East Cumbria. This makes people appreciate the organisation, as the NHS will have special days where they collect donations for the research organisation. Direct marketing: Direct marketing is not applicable to the NHS because the NHS is a charity funded organisation, which does not run on profit. Therefore they do not use direct marketing in their promotional mix. Sales promotion: As well as Direct marketing, Sales promotion also does not apply to NHS as the NHS do not sell products, instead they offer services. They would intend  to promote their organisation for people to use, however the NHS do not promote to get a profit.

P1 M1 D1

| Type of |Example |Description |Purpose | |information | | | | |Verbal |Telephone, Face to face |Telephones are used to conduct live conversations with another |Telephones are used in Lambeth Academy for teachers to | | |meetings |individual. |contact each other and to call parents when necessary. | | |Face to face meetings are where two individuals have a |Face to face can be used to give students feedback for | | | |conversation where they can both see each other face to face. |their work. | |Written |Letters, Reports |A Letter is a written form of communication which is read by an |Lambeth Academy use letters in order to inform parents | | | |individual which is presented on paper. |of any information that is vital for them to see. | | |A report is a written form of communication that is which is |Reports are used by Lambeth Academy to inform parents | | | |made with the intention of based on recent events. |about their child’s current progress in school. | |On-screen |TV Commercials, Plasma screens |A TV Commercial is a way of portraying a message to potential |Lambeth Academy don’t use TV commercials as they aren’t| | |for digital display |customers in order to gain awareness. a large organisation that needs to attain awareness | | | |In a firm, plasma screens can be very useful as they can portray|from the public. This form of communication isn’t | | | |messages for employees as they walk passed. This enables to keep|necessary as Lambeth Academy doesn’t need to compete | | | |up to date on current notices. |with a rival. | | | |Plasma screens are useful to Lambeth academy as they | | | | |use them in order to deliver important messages and | | | | |achievements for students. This can motive them to work| | | | |harder. |Multimedia |Web Conferencing, Internet |Web conferencing is used to conduct live meetings through the |Web conferencing isn’t a means of communicating | | | |internet. This is a very useful way of communicating with |information in Lambeth Academy as we don’t have the | | | |someone if they’re not in the same region as you. Web |technology in order to do so. | | |conferencing involves using sound vision through a webcam and |The internet can be very useful in a class room. For | | | |microphones. |example in Lambeth Academy, teachers may use the | | | |The Internet is a worldwide system of computer networks that can|internet to present information to students in the form| | | |be used to attain information. |of text from a website or a video off YouTube. | | | | | |Web-based |Email, Instant messaging |Emails are electronic mail. They’re sent through the internet to|Lambeth Academy use emails to contact other colleagues. | | | |reach other respondents. Emails can be sent to a large amount of|This is done in order to keep teachers up to date on | | | |people at one time.This makes it easier on the sender if the |current issues that are formulating around the school. | | | |individual needs to send the same information to a number of |Lambeth Academy doesn’t have any need to use instant | | | |people. |messaging as it may distract employees and students | | | |Instant messaging is a web based form of communication that is |from doing their work. | | |used to share information instantly through the web. People are | | | | |able to communicate via the through the internet if two | | | | |recipients have the same software as each other such as MSN or | | | | |Facebook. | P1 M1 Verbal Communication: In terms of giving students feedback from within a classroom, face to face communication is the most efficient way of doing so. There are a number of reasons for this. If a student and teacher were to have a face to face discussion, the student would be able to grasp more information compared to if the teacher was to write down all of the information instead. Face to face enables the student to ask questions if he or she is confused about anything work related.Whereas if the information was written down it may lead to confusion of the student which will then lead to incorrect answers. From the reasons that I’ve stated, face to face communication is a more reliable and relevant way of communicating Other than in the classroom, face to face communication is used throughout various scenarios. In parent evenings verbal communication enables the teacher and students to have an in depth discussion about the students’ progress so far in school. Any queries or concerns can be brought up by using verbal ommunication. Whereas if the conversion was delivered through a telephone, the parent wouldn’t be able to understand and see the teachers hand gestures or facial expressions. These factors contribute to the overall outcome of the conversation. Written Communication: When sending confidential data to students, a letter is the most effective way. Due to the contents of certain documents, only specific people are necessary to view them. If the documents are sent by mail it can reach specific people without anyone else seeing them.Whilst on the other hand if the school were to fax the information to the student’s home, it enables anyone that picks up the paper from the fax machine to be able to see it. Another addition to written communication is the fact that hand held documents enables the user to constantly look over it as much time as needed as it’s recorded and can be referenced at any time. This is one of the key features of written communication. If the information was verbally communicated to the individual, it could lead to some information to being misheard or forgotten and could have been vital to the discussion.On screen communication: On screen communication has many advantages. Through using plasma screens throughout Lambeth Academy, it enables large audiences to view the information at once. Plasma screens are placed on the ground, 1st and 2nd floor of the school. Due to the variety of students and teachers that continuously walk passed them, it reaches a large number of people. When we compare plasma screens to emails, in this situation plasma screens may be a more liable source of communication. The reason for this is because the information displayed on the plasma screens are more general and implies to most of the people in the school.If the information was sent through email, people may discard it as junk causing them to ignore it overall. Multimedia communication: This type of communication is used to convey information through using sound and video. In a classroom multimedia communication is a good way of engaging the class. By using YouTube in an educational manner, it’s possible to gain the attention of all students. Whilst written communication is a good way of conveying information, students may get bored causing them to get side tracked which will lead to a loss in attention. This will cause the aims and objecti ves to be lost.Web Based communication: This type of communication is used in order to communicate messages over the web. This can be done in the form of emails. Lambeth Academy use emails in order to communicate with other teachers and colleagues around the school. Through using emails an individual can send a mass amount of information to a wide range of people in an instant. D1 In this assignment I’ll be talking about Coke and the strategic decisions that they’ve made in order to retain and attract new customers. In 1982 Coke decided to break into a new market by introducing a lighter version of the original Coke.The name of this product was Diet Coke and would be aimed at people that were health conscious, but at the same time, still enjoyed the taste of Coca Cola. This was done to explore and fill a gap in the market which increased both market share and revenue. During the years that Diet Coke was in production, the company realised that Diet Coke was only attrac ting female customers. This was a huge error in Diet Coke, so the company made the decision of creating a new product that attained the needs of male health conscious customers.Coke Zero was produced in order to fill this gap. Therefore with all the above information in mind, this issue encouraged Coke to come up with some strategic planning, hence them entering a new market with a product that is aimed specifically at men that were interested in sport or who lead healthy lifestyles. Coke managed to attain data by acquiring comprehensive market research. Before Coke Zero was put on the production line, data needed to be gathered. During their market research, Coke decided to ask males whether they buy Diet Coke, the answer to this question was no.There are various reasons why this could have occurred. First of all, the name. The name ‘Diet Coke’ doesn’t appeal to men as it gives off a feminine impression. Also the way that the product is packaged and advertised. Diet Coke uses various techniques to target women. One way in which they do this is through using young male models (usually half naked) cleaning windows or doing some kind of masculine activity, such as maintenance. This attracts the attention of female customers and draws them in to buy the product.In order to make this product a success, Coke had to maintain data on whether or not they was any demand for Coke Zero on the market as there was already a similar product which was produced by their main competitor, Pepsi (Max). Thorough research was done on Pepsi Max in terms of their sales and their male attraction. This was done due to the two products aiming a similar product towards the same audience. After all the research had been done towards the needs of Coke Zero, a meeting would be needed between the people at the top of the hierarchy of Coke.Looking at all the data that had been gathered by Coke’s research team, it was decided that there was enough room in the market for Coke’s new product to be released. After the idea of Coke Zero had been established, it then had to be run through the finance department in order to assess whether or not it would be efficient to release this product during this economic climate, at this time period. After the decision to release Coke Zero had been established, Coke had to think of an effective marketing technique which would draw in sales for the product.This was done through specialising their Coke Zero advertisements to appeal to men. This can be seen through their commercials, where they keep their male audience’s attention by adding explosions and adrenaline pumped sport activities. All the information that Coke gathered has been productively used in order to make Coke Zero the best it can be. This was done through using thorough research based on areas which aided the production of Coke Zero in terms of potential sales and demand. [pic]